महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-31

उपवासः सदा धर्मो ब्राह्मणस्य न संशयः ।
स हि धर्मार्थमुत्पन्नो ब्रह्मभूयाय कल्पते ॥३१॥

31. upavāsaḥ sadā dharmo brāhmaṇasya na saṁśayaḥ ,
sa hi dharmārthamutpanno brahmabhūyāya kalpate.

31. upavāsaḥ sadā dharmaḥ brāhmaṇasya na saṃśayaḥ
saḥ hi dharmārtham utpannaḥ brahmabhūyāya kalpate

31. upavāsaḥ sadā brāhmaṇasya dharmaḥ na saṃśayaḥ
saḥ hi dharmārtham utpannaḥ brahmabhūyāya kalpate

31. Fasting is always the proper practice (dharma) for a Brahmin; there is no doubt about it. Such a Brahmin is indeed born for the sake of (dharma) and is qualified to attain the state of brahman.

Words meanings summery:

• उपवासः (upavāsaḥ) - fasting, residing near (the deity)

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper practice (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin

• न (na) - not, no

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, question

• सः (saḥ) - such a Brahmin (he, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of (dharma), for righteousness

• उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - born, arisen, produced

• ब्रह्मभूयाय (brahmabhūyāya) - for attaining the state of brahman (for the state of brahman, for becoming brahman)

• कल्पते (kalpate) - is fit, is conducive, is able, qualifies

Words meanings and morphology

उपवासः (upavāsaḥ) - fasting, residing near (the deity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāsa

upavāsa - fasting, abstinence from food, a religious observance

From upa-vas 'to dwell near'

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 1)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - proper practice (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue

From root dhṛ 'to uphold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin, for a Brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, relating to Brahman

Derived from brahman

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, question

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty

From sam-śī 'to lie together, to be uncertain'

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - such a Brahmin (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

3rd person singular masculine nominative

Note: Refers back to the Brahmin.

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizing particle.

धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of (dharma), for righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - purpose of (dharma), for the sake of (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ

Note: Used adverbially 'for the sake of dharma'.

उत्पन्नः (utpannaḥ) - born, arisen, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utpanna

utpanna - born, produced, generated

Past Passive Participle

From root pad with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ'.

ब्रह्मभूयाय (brahmabhūyāya) - for attaining the state of brahman (for the state of brahman, for becoming brahman)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of brahmabhūya

brahmabhūya - the state of becoming brahman, identity with brahman

From brahman + bhūya (from root bhū 'to become')

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+bhūya)

• brahman – the Absolute, the ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• bhūya – becoming, state of being
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

कल्पते (kalpate) - is fit, is conducive, is able, qualifies

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kḷp

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present middle (ātmanepada)

Root: kḷp (class 1)