महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-39

आहिताग्निरधीयानो जुह्वानः संयतेन्द्रियः ।
विघसाशी यताहारो गृहस्थः सत्यवाक्शुचिः ॥३९॥

39. āhitāgniradhīyāno juhvānaḥ saṁyatendriyaḥ ,
vighasāśī yatāhāro gṛhasthaḥ satyavākśuciḥ.

39. āhitāgniḥ adhīyānaḥ juhvānaḥ saṃyata indriyaḥ
vighasa āśī yata āhāraḥ gṛhasthaḥ satyavāk śuciḥ

39. A householder (gṛhastha) is one who has consecrated the sacred fires, studies (the Vedas), performs Vedic fire rituals (homa), has controlled senses, eats remnants (after guests and dependents), has a regulated diet, is truthful in speech, and is pure.

Words meanings summery:

• आहिताग्निः (āhitāgniḥ) - one who has consecrated the sacred fires

• अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - one who studies the Vedas (studying, one who studies)

• जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - one who performs Vedic fire rituals (homa) (offering, performing a fire ritual)

• संयत (saṁyata) - restrained (controlled, restrained)

• इन्द्रियः (indriyaḥ) - senses (sense organ, faculty of sense)

• विघस (vighasa) - remnants of offerings or food after guests/dependents (remnants of food, food left after others have eaten)

• आशी (āśī) - one who eats (eater, consumer)

• यत (yata) - regulated (restrained, controlled, regulated)

• आहारः (āhāraḥ) - diet (food, diet, taking in)

• गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (ritually and morally) (pure, clean, virtuous)

Words meanings and morphology

आहिताग्निः (āhitāgniḥ) - one who has consecrated the sacred fires

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhitāgni

āhitāgni - one who maintains the sacred fires, a householder performing daily fire rituals

Compound of āhita (placed) and agni (fire).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (āhita+agni)

• āhita – placed, consecrated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā- with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• agni – fire, sacred fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adjective describing the householder.

अधीयानः (adhīyānaḥ) - one who studies the Vedas (studying, one who studies)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhīyāna

adhīyāna - studying, learning, one who studies

Present Middle Participle

From root i- 'to go' with prefix adhi-.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

जुह्वानः (juhvānaḥ) - one who performs Vedic fire rituals (homa) (offering, performing a fire ritual)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of juhvāna

juhvāna - offering, sacrificing, one who makes oblations

Present Active Participle

From root hu- 'to offer, sacrifice' (reduplicated form).

Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

संयत (saṁyata) - restrained (controlled, restrained)

(adjective)

singular of saṃyata

saṁyata - restrained, controlled, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root yam- 'to control' with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound with 'indriya' when sandhi is intact.

इन्द्रियः (indriyaḥ) - senses (sense organ, faculty of sense)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of indriya

indriya - belonging to Indra, faculty, power, sense organ

Note: Often neuter, but here masculine for agreement in a bahuvrihi compound 'saṃyatendriyaḥ' referring to a male householder.

विघस (vighasa) - remnants of offerings or food after guests/dependents (remnants of food, food left after others have eaten)

(noun)

masculine, singular of vighasa

vighasa - remnants of food, residue of an offering, food eaten by a Brāhmaṇa after offering to gods

From vi- + ghas- 'to eat'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ghas (class 1)

Note: Acts as the object of 'āśī' in a compound sense.

आशी (āśī) - one who eats (eater, consumer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśin

āśin - eating, one who eats

Derived from root aś- 'to eat'.

Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the householder.

यत (yata) - regulated (restrained, controlled, regulated)

(adjective)

singular of yata

yata - restrained, controlled, regulated

Past Passive Participle

From root yam- 'to control'.

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound 'yatāhāraḥ' (one whose diet is regulated).

आहारः (āhāraḥ) - diet (food, diet, taking in)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, gathering, taking in

From root hṛ- 'to take' with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गृहस्थः (gṛhasthaḥ) - householder

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛhastha

gṛhastha - one who dwells in a house, a householder (the second stage of life, āśrama)

From gṛha (house) + stha (standing, dwelling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gṛha+stha)

• gṛha – house, home
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, dwelling, situated
  adjective
  Agent Noun suffix
  From root sthā- 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: This is the main subject being described.

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful speech, one who speaks truth

Compound of satya (truth) and vāc (speech).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, word
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions adjectivally.

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure (ritually and morally) (pure, clean, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, holy, virtuous

Root: śuc

Note: Functions adjectivally.