महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-40

अतिथिव्रतता धर्मो धर्मस्त्रेताग्निधारणम् ।
इष्टीश्च पशुबन्धांश्च विधिपूर्वं समाचरेत् ॥४०॥

40. atithivratatā dharmo dharmastretāgnidhāraṇam ,
iṣṭīśca paśubandhāṁśca vidhipūrvaṁ samācaret.

40. atithivratatā dharmaḥ dharmaḥ tretāgni dhāraṇam
iṣṭīḥ ca paśubandhān ca vidhipūrvam samācaret

40. Observance of the guest vow is a religious duty (dharma), and the maintenance of the three sacred fires is also a religious duty (dharma). One should perform the iṣṭi rituals and rituals involving animal offerings according to scriptural injunctions.

Words meanings summery:

• अतिथिव्रतता (atithivratatā) - observance of the guest vow (the state of observing the guest vow, hospitality)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a virtuous act (religious duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a virtuous act (religious duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• त्रेताग्नि (tretāgni) - the three sacred fires (Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, Dakṣiṇāgni)

• धारणम् (dhāraṇam) - maintenance (holding, maintaining, wearing)

• इष्टीः (iṣṭīḥ) - specific Vedic rituals (offerings, wishes, desires)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पशुबन्धान् (paśubandhān) - rituals involving animal offerings (animal sacrifices, rituals involving animals)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विधिपूर्वम् (vidhipūrvam) - according to scriptural injunctions (preceded by proper rule, according to rule)

• समाचरेत् (samācaret) - one should perform (one should perform, one should observe)

Words meanings and morphology

अतिथिव्रतता (atithivratatā) - observance of the guest vow (the state of observing the guest vow, hospitality)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of atithivratatā

atithivratatā - the quality of observing the guest vow, hospitality

From atithivrata (guest vow) + -tā (abstract suffix).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (atithi+vrata)

• atithi – guest
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious practice
  noun (neuter)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a virtuous act (religious duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - religious law, righteousness, virtue, duty, intrinsic nature, constitution

From root dhṛ 'to uphold, sustain'.

Root: dhṛ

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - a virtuous act (religious duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - religious law, righteousness, virtue, duty, intrinsic nature, constitution

From root dhṛ 'to uphold, sustain'.

Root: dhṛ

त्रेताग्नि (tretāgni) - the three sacred fires (Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, Dakṣiṇāgni)

(noun)

masculine, singular of tretāgni

tretāgni - the three sacred fires of a householder (Gārhapatya, Āhavanīya, Dakṣiṇāgni)

Compound of treta (three) and agni (fire).

Compound type : dvigu (tri+agni)

• tri – three
  numeral
• agni – fire, sacred fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Null for gender, number, case, person as it is a compound element.

धारणम् (dhāraṇam) - maintenance (holding, maintaining, wearing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhāraṇa

dhāraṇa - holding, bearing, maintaining, preservation

From root dhṛ- 'to hold, support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इष्टीः (iṣṭīḥ) - specific Vedic rituals (offerings, wishes, desires)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of iṣṭi

iṣṭi - offering, sacrifice, wish, desire

From root yaj- 'to sacrifice, offer'.

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Objects of the verb `samācaret`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

पशुबन्धान् (paśubandhān) - rituals involving animal offerings (animal sacrifices, rituals involving animals)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of paśubandha

paśubandha - animal sacrifice, ritual involving the tying of an animal

Compound of paśu (animal) and bandha (tying, binding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+bandha)

• paśu – animal, cattle
  noun (masculine)
• bandha – tying, bond, imprisonment
  noun (masculine)
  From root bandh- 'to bind'
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Objects of the verb `samācaret`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

विधिपूर्वम् (vidhipūrvam) - according to scriptural injunctions (preceded by proper rule, according to rule)

(indeclinable)

Compound of vidhi (rule) and pūrva (preceded by). Used adverbially here.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (vidhi+pūrva)

• vidhi – rule, injunction, method
  noun (masculine)
• pūrva – prior, preceding, former
  adjective

Note: Functions adverbially.

समाचरेत् (samācaret) - one should perform (one should perform, one should observe)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of samācar

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root car- 'to move, act' with prefixes sam- and ā-.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: car (class 1)