महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-52

आर्तहस्तप्रदो राजा प्रेत्य चेह महीयते ।
गोब्राह्मणार्थे विक्रान्तः संग्रामे निधनं गतः ।
अश्वमेधजिताँल्लोकान्प्राप्नोति त्रिदिवालये ॥५२॥

52. ārtahastaprado rājā pretya ceha mahīyate ,
gobrāhmaṇārthe vikrāntaḥ saṁgrāme nidhanaṁ gataḥ ,
aśvamedhajitāँllokānprāpnoti tridivālaye.

52. ārta-hasta-pradaḥ rājā pretya ca iha
mahīyate go-brāhmaṇa-arthe vikrāntaḥ
saṃgrāme nidhanam gataḥ
aśvamedha-jitān lokān prāpnoti tridivālaye

52. rājā ārta-hasta-pradaḥ,
iha ca pretya mahīyate.
yaḥ go-brāhmaṇa-arthe vikrāntaḥ saṃgrāme nidhanam gataḥ,
saḥ tridivālaye aśvamedha-jitān lokān prāpnoti.

52. The king who extends a helping hand to the distressed is honored both in this world and after death. One who, valiant for the sake of cows and brahmins, meets death in battle, attains in the celestial abode the worlds won by performers of the (Vedic ritual) aśvamedha.

Words meanings summery:

• आर्त-हस्त-प्रदः (ārta-hasta-pradaḥ) - one who extends a helping hand to the distressed (giver of hand to the distressed, helper of the suffering)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (after dying, having died, in the next world)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

• महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored and glorified (is honored, is glorified, is magnified)

• गो-ब्राह्मण-अर्थे (go-brāhmaṇa-arthe) - for the sake of cows and (brāhmaṇas) (for the sake of cows and brahmins)

• विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valiant, showing courage (valiant, mighty, powerful, having stepped forth)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, demise, end)

• गतः (gataḥ) - meets, reaches, attains (death) (gone, attained, reached, obtained)

• अश्वमेध-जितान् (aśvamedha-jitān) - (worlds) won by those who perform the aśvamedha (Vedic ritual) (conquered by aśvamedha (ritual), won by aśvamedha (ritual))

• लोकान् (lokān) - celestial worlds (worlds, regions, people)

• प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (attains, reaches, obtains, gets)

• त्रिदिवालये (tridivālaye) - in the celestial abode (in the abode of the gods, in heaven)

Words meanings and morphology

आर्त-हस्त-प्रदः (ārta-hasta-pradaḥ) - one who extends a helping hand to the distressed (giver of hand to the distressed, helper of the suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta-hasta-prada

ārta-hasta-prada - giver of hand to the distressed, helper of the suffering

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ārta+hasta+prada)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ṛ (to go) or ṛc (to shine) or from the noun 'ārti' (pain). Often associated with root 'ṛdh' (to grow) with prefix 'ā', or 'ṛt' (to hurt). Here PPP of ṛ 'to go' with prefix ā meaning 'struck' or 'afflicted'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)
• prada – giving, bestowing, granting
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pra (prefix) + dā (to give) + a suffix (agent noun).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

From root rāj (to rule, shine).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of mahīyate.

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death (after dying, having died, in the next world)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from pra (prefix) + i (to go) + ya suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies mahīyate.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pretya and iha.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies mahīyate.

महीयते (mahīyate) - is honored and glorified (is honored, is glorified, is magnified)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of mah

Present Passive

Root mah (to be great) + ya (passive suffix) + te (3rd sg. present middle ending). Often used in passive sense 'to be honored/glorified'.

Root: mah (class 1)

गो-ब्राह्मण-अर्थे (go-brāhmaṇa-arthe) - for the sake of cows and (brāhmaṇas) (for the sake of cows and brahmins)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of go-brāhmaṇa-artha

go-brāhmaṇa-artha - for the sake of cows and brahmins

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (go+brāhmaṇa+artha)

• go – cow, earth, ray of light
  noun (masculine)
• brāhmaṇa – brahmin, a member of the priestly class
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from brahman (sacred utterance, ultimate reality).
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates purpose.

विक्रान्तः (vikrāntaḥ) - valiant, showing courage (valiant, mighty, powerful, having stepped forth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikrānta

vikrānta - valiant, mighty, powerful, having stepped forth, courageous

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi (prefix) + kram (to step, go) + ta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implicit subject (e.g. 'a man').

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, combat, conflict

From sam (together) + grām (village, host) meaning 'gathering of hosts' or 'conflict'.

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

Note: Indicates location of the action nidhanam gataḥ.

निधनम् (nidhanam) - death (death, destruction, demise, end)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nidhana

nidhana - death, destruction, demise, end, conclusion

From ni (down) + dhā (to place).

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of the verb gataḥ (here used to mean 'attained').

गतः (gataḥ) - meets, reaches, attains (death) (gone, attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, passed, departed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) + ta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (the warrior).

अश्वमेध-जितान् (aśvamedha-jitān) - (worlds) won by those who perform the aśvamedha (Vedic ritual) (conquered by aśvamedha (ritual), won by aśvamedha (ritual))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśvamedha-jita

aśvamedha-jita - conquered by means of aśvamedha, won through aśvamedha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśvamedha+jita)

• aśvamedha – horse ritual, a great Vedic ritual (yajña)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of aśva (horse) and medha (sacrifice).
• jita – conquered, won, subdued, restrained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ji (to conquer, win) + ta suffix.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Qualifies lokān.

लोकान् (lokān) - celestial worlds (worlds, regions, people)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, region, people, folk

From root lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Direct object of prāpnoti.

प्राप्नोति (prāpnoti) - attains (attains, reaches, obtains, gets)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present Active

Root āp (to obtain) + prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Main verb of the second sentence.

त्रिदिवालये (tridivālaye) - in the celestial abode (in the abode of the gods, in heaven)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tridivālaya

tridivālaya - abode of the gods, heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tridiva+ālaya)

• tridiva – heaven, the third heaven, celestial region
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of tri (three) + div (heaven, sky).
• ālaya – abode, dwelling, house, receptacle
  noun (masculine)
  From ā (prefix) + lī (to cling, reside) + a suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Indicates location where the worlds are attained.