महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-128, verse-34

उमोवाच ।
भगवन्संशयो मेऽत्र तं मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ।
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य धर्मं हि नैपुण्येन प्रकीर्तय ॥३४॥

34. umovāca ,
bhagavansaṁśayo me'tra taṁ me vyākhyātumarhasi ,
cāturvarṇyasya dharmaṁ hi naipuṇyena prakīrtaya.

34. umā uvāca bhagavan saṃśayaḥ me atra tam me vyākhyātum
arhasi cāturvarṇyasya dharmam hi naipuṇyena prakīrtaya

34. umā uvāca bhagavan me atra saṃśayaḥ tam me vyākhyātum
arhasi hi cāturvarṇyasya dharmam naipuṇyena prakīrtaya

34. Uma said: "O Lord, I have a doubt regarding this; you should explain it to me. Indeed, describe with precision the natural law (dharma) of the four social classes."

Words meanings summery:

• उमा (umā) - Uma (the goddess, wife of Shiva)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Shiva (O Lord, O venerable one)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

• मे (me) - I have (literally 'there is doubt for me') (to me, for me, my)

• अत्र (atra) - concerning this (doubt) (here, in this matter)

• तम् (tam) - that (doubt) (that (masculine singular accusative))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to describe

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes/orders

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (duty, righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• नैपुण्येन (naipuṇyena) - with skill, precisely, expertly

• प्रकीर्तय (prakīrtaya) - declare, proclaim, describe

Words meanings and morphology

उमा (umā) - Uma (the goddess, wife of Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of umā

umā - Uma, the goddess, wife of Shiva

Note: Feminine noun, nominative singular.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

Perfect active 3rd person singular of √vac (class 2).

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - Addressing Shiva (O Lord, O venerable one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - blessed, fortunate, glorious, venerable, divine

Root bhag- (fortunate) + -vat (possessive suffix).

Note: Masculine adjective, vocative singular.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt, uncertainty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

Sam- (prefix) + śaya (from √śī, to lie).

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Masculine noun, nominative singular.

मे (me) - I have (literally 'there is doubt for me') (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of asmad, 1st person singular dative/genitive.

अत्र (atra) - concerning this (doubt) (here, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (doubt) (that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine pronoun, accusative singular.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Enclitic form of asmad, 1st person singular dative/genitive.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain, to describe

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of √khyā with prefixes vi and ā.

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Infinitive form, meaning 'to explain'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought to (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

present tense

Present active 2nd person singular of √arh (class 1).

Root: arh (class 1)

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes/orders

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four social classes/orders

From catur (four) + varṇa (class).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varṇa – color, class, social order
  noun (masculine)
  From √vṛ (to choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Neuter noun, genitive singular. The compound indicates 'related to the four varṇas'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the natural law (dharma), intrinsic nature (duty, righteousness, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

From √dhṛ 'to uphold, support'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Masculine noun, accusative singular.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नैपुण्येन (naipuṇyena) - with skill, precisely, expertly

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of naipuṇya

naipuṇya - skill, expertise, precision, cleverness

From nipuṇa (skillful).

Note: Neuter noun, instrumental singular.

प्रकीर्तय (prakīrtaya) - declare, proclaim, describe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of prakīrt

imperative

Imperative active 2nd person singular of √kīrt (class 10) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kīrt (class 10)