महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-8

तदग्रे राजधर्माणामर्थतत्त्वं पितामह ।
प्रब्रूहि भरतश्रेष्ठ त्वं हि बुद्धिमतां वरः ॥८॥

8. tadagre rājadharmāṇāmarthatattvaṁ pitāmaha ,
prabrūhi bharataśreṣṭha tvaṁ hi buddhimatāṁ varaḥ.

8. tat agre rāja-dharmāṇām artha-tattvam pitāmaha
pra-brūhi bharata-śreṣṭha tvam hi buddhimatām varaḥ

8. pitāmaha bharata-śreṣṭha tvam hi buddhimatām varaḥ
tat agre rāja-dharmāṇām artha-tattvam pra-brūhi

8. Therefore, O Grandfather (Pitāmaha), O best of Bharatas, please explain the true essence of the natural laws (dharma) of kings first, for you are indeed the most excellent among the intelligent.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore, that, this

• अग्रे (agre) - first (in order of explanation) (first, in front, now)

• राज-धर्माणाम् (rāja-dharmāṇām) - of the natural laws (dharma) of kings, of royal duties

• अर्थ-तत्त्वम् (artha-tattvam) - the true meaning, essence of the matter

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Address to Bhishma (O Grandfather)

• प्र-ब्रूहि (pra-brūhi) - please speak forth, explain

• भरत-श्रेष्ठ (bharata-śreṣṭha) - Address to Bhishma (O best of Bharatas)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for, surely

• बुद्धिमताम् (buddhimatām) - of the intelligent, among the wise

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best one (best, excellent, boon, choice)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore, that, this

(indeclinable)

अग्रे (agre) - first (in order of explanation) (first, in front, now)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - front, tip, beginning, chief, first

Note: Can also be used as an indeclinable 'firstly, beforehand'.

राज-धर्माणाम् (rāja-dharmāṇām) - of the natural laws (dharma) of kings, of royal duties

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rāja-dharma

rāja-dharma - the natural law (dharma) of kings, royal duties, constitution of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अर्थ-तत्त्वम् (artha-tattvam) - the true meaning, essence of the matter

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of artha-tattva

artha-tattva - the true meaning, the essential nature, the reality of the object

Compound type : tatpurusha (artha+tattva)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)
  from tad + tva

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Address to Bhishma (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, great ancestor

प्र-ब्रूहि (pra-brūhi) - please speak forth, explain

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of pra-brū

Imperative Mood

2nd Person Singular Imperative Parasmaipada

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

भरत-श्रेष्ठ (bharata-śreṣṭha) - Address to Bhishma (O best of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharata-śreṣṭha

bharata-śreṣṭha - best among the Bharatas (a dynasty/lineage)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata (a mythical king), name of a lineage
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for, surely

(indeclinable)

बुद्धिमताम् (buddhimatām) - of the intelligent, among the wise

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, endowed with intellect

from buddhi + matup (possessive suffix)

Note: Used as a noun here, 'of the intelligent ones'.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best one (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, boon, choice

from root vṛ 'to choose'

Root: vṛ (class 5)