महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-29

उद्यम्य शस्त्रमायान्तमपि वेदान्तगं रणे ।
निगृह्णीयात्स्वधर्मेण धर्मापेक्षी नरेश्वरः ॥२९॥

29. udyamya śastramāyāntamapi vedāntagaṁ raṇe ,
nigṛhṇīyātsvadharmeṇa dharmāpekṣī nareśvaraḥ.

29. udyamya śastram āyāntam api vedāntagam raṇe
nigṛhṇīyāt svadharmeṇa dharmāpekṣī nareśvaraḥ

29. dharmāpekṣī nareśvaraḥ raṇe śastram udyamya
āyāntam api vedāntagam svadharmeṇa nigṛhṇīyāt

29. A king who upholds (natural law) dharma should, by his own (intrinsic nature) dharma, subdue even a person learned in Vedānta (vedāntagam) who approaches wielding a weapon in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having taken up (a weapon) (having raised, having taken up)

• शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (weapon, instrument, implement)

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (the battle) (approaching, coming)

• अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, though, in spite of)

• वेदान्तगम् (vedāntagam) - a person knowledgeable in Vedānta (one who has gone to Vedānta, one who has mastered Vedānta)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - he should subdue/punish (he should restrain, he should subdue, he should punish)

• स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by his own (intrinsic nature) dharma (duty) (by one's own dharma, by one's own intrinsic nature/duty)

• धर्मापेक्षी (dharmāpekṣī) - a king who upholds (natural law) dharma (desirous of dharma, one who seeks dharma)

• नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - king (king, lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having taken up (a weapon) (having raised, having taken up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ud' + root 'yam' + suffix 'lyaP' (y-a)

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

शस्त्रम् (śastram) - weapon (weapon, instrument, implement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śastra

śastra - weapon, instrument, tool, a scripture, a hymn

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise/cut) with 'tra' suffix.

Root: śas (class 2)

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching (the battle) (approaching, coming)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānt

āyānt - approaching, coming, arriving

Present Active Participle

From prefix 'ā' + root 'yā' (to go) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'him' or 'person'.

अपि (api) - even (if) (even, also, though, in spite of)

(indeclinable)

वेदान्तगम् (vedāntagam) - a person knowledgeable in Vedānta (one who has gone to Vedānta, one who has mastered Vedānta)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vedāntaga

vedāntaga - one who has reached the end of the Vedas, master of Vedānta, learned in Vedānta

Compound of 'vedānta' and 'ga' (going/knowing).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vedānta+ga)

• vedānta – the end of the Vedas, the Upaniṣads, the Vedānta system of philosophy
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of Veda and anta.
• ga – going, moving, residing in, knowing, reaching
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Suffix
  Derived from root 'gam' with suffix 'ḍa'.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied person.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, fight, delight

From root 'raṇ' (to rejoice/sound).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

निगृह्णीयात् (nigṛhṇīyāt) - he should subdue/punish (he should restrain, he should subdue, he should punish)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nigrah

Optative Mood

From prefix 'ni' + root 'grah' (to seize) in the 9th class (gṛhṇāti).

Prefix: ni

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: The implied subject is 'nareśvaraḥ'.

स्वधर्मेण (svadharmeṇa) - by his own (intrinsic nature) dharma (duty) (by one's own dharma, by one's own intrinsic nature/duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own duty, one's own natural law, one's intrinsic nature, peculiar property

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'sva' (own) and 'dharma' (duty/law).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, constitution, law
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which the king subdues.

धर्मापेक्षी (dharmāpekṣī) - a king who upholds (natural law) dharma (desirous of dharma, one who seeks dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmāpekṣin

dharmāpekṣin - desirous of dharma, looking for dharma, expecting dharma

Compound of 'dharma' and 'apekṣin' (expecting/desirous).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+apekṣin)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, constitution, law
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• apekṣin – expecting, desirous of, awaiting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From prefix 'apa' + root 'īkṣ' (to see) + 'ini' suffix.
  Prefix: apa
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'nareśvaraḥ'.

नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - king (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - king, lord of men, sovereign

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'nara' (man) and 'īśvara' (lord).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'īś' (to rule) with suffix 'varaC'.
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'nigṛhṇīyāt'.