महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-2

राज्यं वै परमो धर्म इति धर्मविदो विदुः ।
महान्तमेतं भारं च मन्ये तद्ब्रूहि पार्थिव ॥२॥

2. rājyaṁ vai paramo dharma iti dharmavido viduḥ ,
mahāntametaṁ bhāraṁ ca manye tadbrūhi pārthiva.

2. rājyam vai paramaḥ dharmaḥ iti dharmavidaḥ viduḥ
mahāntam etam bhāram ca manye tat brūhi pārthiva

2. dharmavidaḥ rājyam vai paramaḥ dharmaḥ iti viduḥ.
ca etam mahāntam bhāram manye.
pārthiva,
tat brūhi.

2. "Kingship (rājya) is indeed the supreme natural law (dharma)—so assert those who comprehend natural law. And I consider this a great burden. Therefore, O ruler (pārthiva), please explain this to me."

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - The state of being a king, the duty of a king. (kingship, sovereignty, kingdom)

• वै (vai) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, verily)

• परमः (paramaḥ) - The most important or primary among duties/natural laws. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - The natural law governing society and the duties pertaining to a king. (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

• इति (iti) - Marks the end of a direct quotation or thought. (thus, in this manner, so saying)

• धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - Those learned in the principles of natural law and kingly duties. (knowers of natural law, experts in natural law (dharma))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - Referring to the significant and heavy responsibility of kingship. (great, enormous)

• एतम् (etam) - Referring to the kingship just mentioned. (this)

• भारम् (bhāram) - The heavy responsibility of ruling a kingdom. (burden, load, weight, responsibility)

• च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Yudhiṣṭhira's statement. (and, also)

• मन्ये (manye) - Expresses Yudhiṣṭhira's personal opinion. (I think, I believe, I consider)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the explanation of this great burden. (that, therefore)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - An imperative request from Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhīṣma. (tell, speak, explain)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma (as a king/ruler, or son of Prithu, or simply a kingly person). In Mahābhārata, it's often used for any king or warrior. Here, it refers to Bhīṣma in his capacity as a wise elder and a royal figure. (O King, O ruler, O son of Pṛthā)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यम् (rājyam) - The state of being a king, the duty of a king. (kingship, sovereignty, kingdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, realm, government

From rājan (king).

Root: rāj (class 1)

वै (vai) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, verily)

(indeclinable)

परमः (paramaḥ) - The most important or primary among duties/natural laws. (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - highest, supreme, best, ultimate

Superlative form of para (other, distant).

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - The natural law governing society and the duties pertaining to a king. (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion

From root √dhṛ (to uphold, to sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - Marks the end of a direct quotation or thought. (thus, in this manner, so saying)

(indeclinable)

धर्मविदः (dharmavidaḥ) - Those learned in the principles of natural law and kingly duties. (knowers of natural law, experts in natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmavid

dharmavid - one who knows (dharma), a connoisseur of law/duty

Tatpuruṣa compound: dharma (natural law) + vid (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

present active indicative 3rd plural

From root √vid (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: vid (class 2)

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - Referring to the significant and heavy responsibility of kingship. (great, enormous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahant

mahant - great, large, important, mighty

Present participle of √mah (to be great) used as an adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: From mahat, masculine accusative singular is mahāntam.

एतम् (etam) - Referring to the kingship just mentioned. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near speaker)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Masculine accusative singular of etad.

भारम् (bhāram) - The heavy responsibility of ruling a kingdom. (burden, load, weight, responsibility)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight, charge, responsibility

From root √bhṛ (to bear, to carry).

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Yudhiṣṭhira's statement. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मन्ये (manye) - Expresses Yudhiṣṭhira's personal opinion. (I think, I believe, I consider)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

present middle indicative 1st singular

From root √man (4th class, Ātmanepada).

Root: man (class 4)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the explanation of this great burden. (that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, therefore, then

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Can also be nominative neuter singular. Here, object of brūhi.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - An imperative request from Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhīṣma. (tell, speak, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active 2nd singular

From root √brū (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: brū (class 2)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma (as a king/ruler, or son of Prithu, or simply a kingly person). In Mahābhārata, it's often used for any king or warrior. Here, it refers to Bhīṣma in his capacity as a wise elder and a royal figure. (O King, O ruler, O son of Pṛthā)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - pertaining to the earth, a king, a ruler, son of Pṛthu

From pṛthivī (earth) or Pṛthu (a legendary king). Derived with the suffix -a.