महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-12

आदावेव कुरुश्रेष्ठ राज्ञा रञ्जनकाम्यया ।
देवतानां द्विजानां च वर्तितव्यं यथाविधि ॥१२॥

12. ādāveva kuruśreṣṭha rājñā rañjanakāmyayā ,
devatānāṁ dvijānāṁ ca vartitavyaṁ yathāvidhi.

12. ādau eva kuruśreṣṭha rājñā rañjanakāmyayā
devatānām dvijānām ca vartitavyam yathāvidhi

12. kuruśreṣṭha ādau eva rājñā devatānām ca
dvijānām rañjanakāmyayā yathāvidhi vartitavyam

12. O best among the Kurus (kuruśreṣṭha), from the very beginning, a king, with the desire to please the deities and the Brahmins (dvija), should conduct himself according to the prescribed rules.

Words meanings summery:

• आदौ (ādau) - from the very beginning (in the beginning, firstly)

• एव (eva) - very (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best among the Kurus (kuruśreṣṭha) (O best of Kurus)

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king (by the king)

• रञ्जनकाम्यया (rañjanakāmyayā) - with the desire to please

• देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the deities (of the deities, of the gods)

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the Brahmins (dvija) (of the Brahmins (dvija), of the twice-born)

• च (ca) - and, also

• वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - should conduct himself (should be acted, ought to be conducted)

• यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the prescribed rules (according to rules, duly, methodically)

Words meanings and morphology

आदौ (ādau) - from the very beginning (in the beginning, firstly)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - very (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best among the Kurus (kuruśreṣṭha) (O best of Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśreṣṭha

kuruśreṣṭha - best of the Kurus (an epithet for Yudhishthira or Arjuna)

Compound of Kuru and śreṣṭha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+śreṣṭha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by a king (by the king)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

रञ्जनकाम्यया (rañjanakāmyayā) - with the desire to please

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rañjanakāmyā

rañjanakāmyā - desire for pleasing, wish to delight

Compound of rañjana (pleasing) and kāmyā (desire).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rañjana+kāmyā)

• rañjana – pleasing, delighting, coloring
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From root √rañj (to color, delight) + ana suffix.
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• kāmyā – desire, wish
  noun (feminine)
  From √kam (to desire) + ya suffix.
  Root: kam (class 1)

देवतानाम् (devatānām) - of the deities (of the deities, of the gods)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, divinity, god

From deva (god) + tā (suffix forming feminine abstract nouns, but here referring to a concrete deity).

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of the Brahmins (dvija) (of the Brahmins (dvija), of the twice-born)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), Brahmin, bird, tooth, snake

Compound of dvi (twice) and ja (born, from √jan).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/suffix
  From root √jan (to be born, produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

वर्तितव्यम् (vartitavyam) - should conduct himself (should be acted, ought to be conducted)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vartitavya

vartitavya - to be acted, to be carried on, to be behaved

gerundive/future passive participle

From root √vṛt (to turn, exist, act) + tavya suffix.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used impersonally implying 'it should be acted/conducted by the king'.

यथाविधि (yathāvidhi) - according to the prescribed rules (according to rules, duly, methodically)

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound of yathā (as, according to) and vidhi (rule).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vidhi)

• yathā – as, according to, in such a manner as
  indeclinable
• vidhi – rule, sacred precept, manner, method
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-√dhā (to arrange, ordain).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhā (class 3)