महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-39

क्षममाणं नृपं नित्यं नीचः परिभवेज्जनः ।
हस्तियन्ता गजस्येव शिर एवारुरुक्षति ॥३९॥

39. kṣamamāṇaṁ nṛpaṁ nityaṁ nīcaḥ paribhavejjanaḥ ,
hastiyantā gajasyeva śira evārurukṣati.

39. kṣamamāṇaṃ nṛpaṃ nityaṃ nīcaḥ paribhavet janaḥ
hastiyantā gajasya iva śiraḥ eva ārurukṣati

39. nityaṃ kṣamamāṇaṃ nṛpaṃ nīcaḥ janaḥ paribhavet
hastiyantā gajasya iva śiraḥ eva ārurukṣati

39. A base person will always disrespect a king who is constantly forgiving. Just like an elephant driver tries to climb onto the head of an elephant (that is too docile).

Words meanings summery:

• क्षममाणं (kṣamamāṇaṁ) - forgiving, patient, tolerant

• नृपं (nṛpaṁ) - king, ruler

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly

• नीचः (nīcaḥ) - low, base, ignoble person

• परिभवेत् (paribhavet) - should disrespect, would disregard, would insult

• जनः (janaḥ) - person, people

• हस्तियन्ता (hastiyantā) - elephant driver, mahout

• गजस्य (gajasya) - of the elephant

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• आरुरुक्षति (ārurukṣati) - wishes to climb, tries to climb, desires to ascend

Words meanings and morphology

क्षममाणं (kṣamamāṇaṁ) - forgiving, patient, tolerant

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣamamāṇa

kṣamamāṇa - being patient, enduring, forgiving

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root kṣam- (to be patient, to forgive)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

नृपं (nṛpaṁ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

नीचः (nīcaḥ) - low, base, ignoble person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīca

nīca - low, base, vulgar, ignoble, inferior

Note: Used as a noun here.

परिभवेत् (paribhavet) - should disrespect, would disregard, would insult

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pari-bhū

Optative 3rd Person Singular

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

जनः (janaḥ) - person, people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people

Root: jan (class 4)

हस्तियन्ता (hastiyantā) - elephant driver, mahout

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hastiyantṛ

hastiyantṛ - elephant driver, mahout

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hastin+yantṛ)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• yantṛ – driver, controller
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root yam- (to control)
  Root: yam (class 1)

गजस्य (gajasya) - of the elephant

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

आरुरुक्षति (ārurukṣati) - wishes to climb, tries to climb, desires to ascend

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-ruh

Desiderative 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root ruh- (to climb) with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)