महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-3

राजधर्मान्विशेषेण कथयस्व पितामह ।
सर्वस्य जीवलोकस्य राजधर्माः परायणम् ॥३॥

3. rājadharmānviśeṣeṇa kathayasva pitāmaha ,
sarvasya jīvalokasya rājadharmāḥ parāyaṇam.

3. rājadharman viśeṣeṇa kathayasva pitāmaha
sarvasya jīvalokasya rājadharmāḥ parāyaṇam

3. pitāmaha,
rājadharman viśeṣeṇa kathayasva.
rājadharmāḥ sarvasya jīvalokasya parāyaṇam (santi).

3. O Grandfather (pitāmaha), please explain the duties pertaining to a king (rājadharma) in detail, for the king's duties (rājadharma) are the ultimate refuge for all living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• राजधर्मन् (rājadharman) - The principles and practices a king must follow to maintain order and prosperity. (duties of a king, royal natural law)

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - Requests a detailed and focused explanation. (especially, in particular, specifically)

• कथयस्व (kathayasva) - An imperative request from Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhīṣma. (please tell, narrate, explain)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma. (O Grandfather)

• सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - Refers to all inhabitants and elements of the world. (of all, of every)

• जीवलोकस्य (jīvalokasya) - Encompasses all sentient and non-sentient beings, their environment, and society. (of the world of living beings, of the living world)

• राजधर्माः (rājadharmāḥ) - The principles that uphold and sustain society under royal rule. (the duties of kings, royal natural laws)

• परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - The essential basis or support system for the world's order. (supreme refuge, ultimate resort, main support)

Words meanings and morphology

राजधर्मन् (rājadharman) - The principles and practices a king must follow to maintain order and prosperity. (duties of a king, royal natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - the natural law (dharma) or duties of a king

Tatpuruṣa compound: rājan (king) + dharma (natural law/duty).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: The n ending indicates accusative plural for masculine nouns ending in a.

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - Requests a detailed and focused explanation. (especially, in particular, specifically)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, peculiarity, specific feature, special, particular

From √śiṣ (to distinguish) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

कथयस्व (kathayasva) - An imperative request from Yudhiṣṭhira to Bhīṣma. (please tell, narrate, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kathaya

imperative middle 2nd singular

Causative of √kath (not a primary root, likely derived from katha "how"). Forms its own class 10.

Root: kath (class 10)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Vocative address to Bhīṣma. (O Grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

From pitṛ (father) + mah (great/honorable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, honourable
  adjective

Note: The form is identical to nominative singular.

सर्वस्य (sarvasya) - Refers to all inhabitants and elements of the world. (of all, of every)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Demonstrative pronoun.

जीवलोकस्य (jīvalokasya) - Encompasses all sentient and non-sentient beings, their environment, and society. (of the world of living beings, of the living world)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvaloka

jīvaloka - the world of living beings, the living world

Tatpuruṣa compound: jīva (living) + loka (world).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+loka)

• jīva – living, alive, life
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root √jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• loka – world, realm, people, community
  noun (masculine)
  From root √lok (to see, to perceive).
  Root: lok (class 10)

राजधर्माः (rājadharmāḥ) - The principles that uphold and sustain society under royal rule. (the duties of kings, royal natural laws)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - the natural law (dharma) or duties of a king

Tatpuruṣa compound: rājan (king) + dharma (natural law/duty).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – natural law, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

परायणम् (parāyaṇam) - The essential basis or support system for the world's order. (supreme refuge, ultimate resort, main support)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - ultimate aim, chief resort, supreme refuge, principal support

Tatpuruṣa compound: para (supreme) + ayana (going, course, resort).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+ayana)

• para – supreme, highest, other, distant
  adjective (masculine)
• ayana – going, path, resort, course
  noun (neuter)
  From root √i (to go) + suffix -ana.
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here, it functions as predicate nominative.