महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-43

नित्यं हि व्यसनी लोके परिभूतो भवत्युत ।
उद्वेजयति लोकं चाप्यतिद्वेषी महीपतिः ॥४३॥

43. nityaṁ hi vyasanī loke paribhūto bhavatyuta ,
udvejayati lokaṁ cāpyatidveṣī mahīpatiḥ.

43. nityaṃ hi vyasanī loke paribhūtaḥ bhavati uta
udvejayati lokaṃ ca api atidveṣī mahīpatiḥ

43. hi nityaṃ vyasanī loke paribhūtaḥ bhavati uta
atidveṣī mahīpatiḥ ca api lokaṃ udvejayati

43. Indeed, a person addicted to vices is always despised by the world. Moreover, an extremely malicious king also causes distress to the people.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• व्यसनी (vyasanī) - a vicious person, one addicted to vices

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• परिभूतः (paribhūtaḥ) - humiliated, despised, overcome

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• उत (uta) - and, moreover, or

• उद्वेजयति (udvejayati) - troubles, distresses, frightens

• लोकं (lokaṁ) - the people, the world

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• अतिद्वेषी (atidveṣī) - extremely hateful, very malicious

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king, lord of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of nitya, often used adverbially.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

व्यसनी (vyasanī) - a vicious person, one addicted to vices

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyasanin

vyasanin - addicted to vice, vicious, unfortunate

Derived from vyasana (vice, misfortune) with suffix -in, indicating possession of that quality

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

परिभूतः (paribhūtaḥ) - humiliated, despised, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paribhūta

paribhūta - despised, humiliated, overcome, disrespected

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pari + √bhū (to be, become) with kta suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: bhū (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

Third person singular, present indicative, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - and, moreover, or

(indeclinable)

उद्वेजयति (udvejayati) - troubles, distresses, frightens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vij

Present Active (Causative)

Third person singular, present indicative, active voice, causative stem from ud + √vij (to tremble). Means 'causes to tremble, frightens, distresses'.

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Causative verb form.

लोकं (lokaṁ) - the people, the world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community

Note: Object of `udvejayati`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

अतिद्वेषी (atidveṣī) - extremely hateful, very malicious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atidveṣin

atidveṣin - extremely hateful, very malicious, full of excessive hatred

Compound of ati (excessive) and dveṣin (hateful, hostile)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ati+dveṣin)

• ati – excessive, beyond, over
  indeclinable
• dveṣin – hating, hostile, an enemy
  adjective (masculine)
  From √dviṣ (to hate) with suffix -in
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `mahīpatiḥ`.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - a king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound of mahī (earth) and pati (lord, master)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `udvejayati`.