महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-44

भवितव्यं सदा राज्ञा गर्भिणीसहधर्मिणा ।
कारणं च महाराज शृणु येनेदमिष्यते ॥४४॥

44. bhavitavyaṁ sadā rājñā garbhiṇīsahadharmiṇā ,
kāraṇaṁ ca mahārāja śṛṇu yenedamiṣyate.

44. bhavitavyaṃ sadā rājñā garbhiṇīsahadharmiṇā
kāraṇaṃ ca mahārāja śṛṇu yena idaṃ iṣyate

44. mahārāja rajñā sadā garbhiṇīsahadharmiṇā
bhavitavyaṃ ca yena idaṃ iṣyate kāraṇaṃ śṛṇu

44. A king should always possess the same qualities as a pregnant woman. And O great king, listen to the reason for which this is desired.

Words meanings summery:

• भवितव्यं (bhavitavyaṁ) - should be, must be

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• गर्भिणीसहधर्मिणा (garbhiṇīsahadharmiṇā) - by one who possesses the same qualities/nature as a pregnant woman

• कारणं (kāraṇaṁ) - the reason, the cause

• च (ca) - and

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• इदं (idaṁ) - this

• इष्यते (iṣyate) - is desired, is wished, is considered right

Words meanings and morphology

भवितव्यं (bhavitavyaṁ) - should be, must be

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavitavya

bhavitavya - to be, to become, what is to be, suitable to be

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Formed from √bhū (to be) with the suffix -tavya

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Impersonal construction, meaning 'it is to be by the king'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Agent of the gerundive `bhavitavyaṃ`.

गर्भिणीसहधर्मिणा (garbhiṇīsahadharmiṇā) - by one who possesses the same qualities/nature as a pregnant woman

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of garbhiṇīsahadharmin

garbhiṇīsahadharmin - having the same duties/nature (dharma) as a pregnant woman, sharing the same intrinsic nature

Compound of garbhiṇī (pregnant woman) and sahadharmin (sharing the same dharma)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (garbhiṇī+sahadharmin)

• garbhiṇī – pregnant woman
  noun (feminine)
  From garbha (womb) + -inī (feminine suffix)
• sahadharmin – one who shares the same dharma/duty/nature, a co-religionist
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of saha (with) and dharmin (possessing dharma). Suffix -in.
  Prefix: saha

Note: It refers to the king, hence masculine. The `dharma` here refers to the specific conduct/nature of a pregnant woman.

कारणं (kāraṇaṁ) - the reason, the cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

From √kṛ (to do) + ana suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

Second person singular, imperative, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Relative pronoun, neuter/masculine instrumental singular

इदं (idaṁ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Here in nominative singular, subject of `iṣyate`.

इष्यते (iṣyate) - is desired, is wished, is considered right

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Present Middle/Passive

Third person singular, present indicative, middle/passive voice, from √iṣ (to wish)

Root: iṣ (class 4)