महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-48

परिहासश्च भृत्यैस्ते न नित्यं वदतां वर ।
कर्तव्यो राजशार्दूल दोषमत्र हि मे शृणु ॥४८॥

48. parihāsaśca bhṛtyaiste na nityaṁ vadatāṁ vara ,
kartavyo rājaśārdūla doṣamatra hi me śṛṇu.

48. parihāsaḥ ca bhṛtyaiḥ te na nityam vadatām vara
| kartavyaḥ rājaśārdūla doṣam atra hi me śṛṇu

48. vadatām vara rājaśārdūla te bhṛtyaiḥ parihāsaḥ
ca nityam na kartavyaḥ hi atra me doṣam śṛṇu

48. And, O best of speakers, joking with your servants should not be done constantly. O tiger among kings, indeed, listen to my counsel here.

Words meanings summery:

• परिहासः (parihāsaḥ) - jesting, joking, ridicule

• च (ca) - and, also

• भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - by servants, with servants

• ते (te) - your, to you

• न (na) - not, no

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

• वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers, of those who speak

• वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, ought to be made

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings, O best of kings

• दोषम् (doṣam) - counsel regarding the drawback (of constant joking) (fault, defect, drawback)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• मे (me) - my, to me

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear!, listen!

Words meanings and morphology

परिहासः (parihāsaḥ) - jesting, joking, ridicule

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parihāsa

parihāsa - jest, joke, ridicule, fun

Derived from root has (to laugh) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: has (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भृत्यैः (bhṛtyaiḥ) - by servants, with servants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependant, hireling

Gerundive/Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support), here acting as an agent noun

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

Note: Can also be dative singular

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also be an adjective in accusative singular neuter.

वदताम् (vadatām) - of speakers, of those who speak

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, speaker, talking

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root vad (to speak)

Root: vad (class 1)

वर (vara) - O best, O excellent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, supreme, boon

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, ought to be made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, fit to be performed

gerundive

Gerundive (future passive participle) from root kṛ (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O tiger among kings, O best of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings, paramount ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best, excellent (as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

दोषम् (doṣam) - counsel regarding the drawback (of constant joking) (fault, defect, drawback)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, error, drawback

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, my, me

Note: Can also be dative singular

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear!, listen!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)