महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-41

प्रत्यक्षेणानुमानेन तथौपम्योपदेशतः ।
परीक्ष्यास्ते महाराज स्वे परे चैव सर्वदा ॥४१॥

41. pratyakṣeṇānumānena tathaupamyopadeśataḥ ,
parīkṣyāste mahārāja sve pare caiva sarvadā.

41. pratyakṣeṇa anumānena tathā aupamyopadeśataḥ
parīkṣya āste mahārāja sve pare ca eva sarvadā

41. mahārāja sve pare ca eva sarvadā pratyakṣeṇa
anumānena tathā aupamyopadeśataḥ parīkṣya āste

41. O great king, you should always investigate your own affairs and those of others by direct perception, inference, analogy, and the advice of scriptures.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षेण (pratyakṣeṇa) - by direct perception, by visible evidence

• अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by supposition

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

• औपम्योपदेशतः (aupamyopadeśataḥ) - by analogy and instruction, by means of comparison and advice

• परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - having examined, having investigated

• आस्ते (āste) - one should be, he remains, he sits

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• स्वे (sve) - in one's own (affairs)

• परे (pare) - in others' (affairs)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षेण (pratyakṣeṇa) - by direct perception, by visible evidence

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa

pratyakṣa - direct perception, visible, present to the eyes

From prati + akṣa (eye)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ
  noun (neuter)

अनुमानेन (anumānena) - by inference, by supposition

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of anumāna

anumāna - inference, conclusion, supposition

From anu + √mā (to measure, compare, infer)

Prefix: anu

Root: mā (class 3)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, and

(indeclinable)

औपम्योपदेशतः (aupamyopadeśataḥ) - by analogy and instruction, by means of comparison and advice

(indeclinable)

Compound of aupamya (analogy) and upadeśa (instruction), with the suffix -taḥ indicating 'by means of'

Compound type : dvandva (aupamya+upadeśa)

• aupamya – analogy, comparison, similitude
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from upamā (comparison)
• upadeśa – instruction, advice, teaching
  noun (masculine)
  From upa + √diś (to point out)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Formed by suffix -taḥ from the compound aupamyopadeśa.

परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - having examined, having investigated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed from pari + √īkṣ (to see, examine) with suffix -ya

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

आस्ते (āste) - one should be, he remains, he sits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of ās

Present Middle

Third person singular, present indicative, middle voice

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'one' (the king).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Stem form of mahat
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

स्वे (sve) - in one's own (affairs)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Implies 'sve kāryeṣu' - in one's own affairs.

परे (pare) - in others' (affairs)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, different, supreme, enemy

Note: Implies 'pareṣu kāryeṣu' - in others' affairs.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

(indeclinable)

From sarva (all) + -dā (suffix indicating time)