महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-5

यथा हि रश्मयोऽश्वस्य द्विरदस्याङ्कुशो यथा ।
नरेन्द्रधर्मो लोकस्य तथा प्रग्रहणं स्मृतम् ॥५॥

5. yathā hi raśmayo'śvasya dviradasyāṅkuśo yathā ,
narendradharmo lokasya tathā pragrahaṇaṁ smṛtam.

5. yathā hi raśmayaḥ aśvasya dviradasya aṅkuśaḥ yathā
narendra-dharmaḥ lokasya tathā pragrahaṇam smṛtam

5. yathā hi aśvasya raśmayaḥ dviradasya aṅkuśaḥ yathā
tathā lokasya narendra-dharmaḥ pragrahaṇam smṛtam

5. Just as reins control a horse, and a goad controls an elephant, similarly, the natural law (dharma) of a king is considered the restraint for the people.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for, surely

• रश्मयः (raśmayaḥ) - reins, rays, cords

• अश्वस्य (aśvasya) - of a horse

• द्विरदस्य (dviradasya) - of an elephant

• अङ्कुशः (aṅkuśaḥ) - goad, elephant hook

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• नरेन्द्र-धर्मः (narendra-dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) of kings, royal duties/constitution

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people, of the world

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

• प्रग्रहणम् (pragrahaṇam) - restraint, control, grasping

• स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered, is remembered

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for, surely

(indeclinable)

रश्मयः (raśmayaḥ) - reins, rays, cords

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of raśmi

raśmi - ray, cord, rein

अश्वस्य (aśvasya) - of a horse

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

द्विरदस्य (dviradasya) - of an elephant

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. 'having two tusks')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rad (class 1)

अङ्कुशः (aṅkuśaḥ) - goad, elephant hook

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅkuśa

aṅkuśa - hook, goad (for an elephant)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

नरेन्द्र-धर्मः (narendra-dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) of kings, royal duties/constitution

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narendra-dharma

narendra-dharma - the natural law (dharma) of kings, royal duties, constitution of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara-indra+dharma)

• nara-indra – chief of men, king
  noun (masculine)
  compound of nara (man) and indra (chief)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ 'to uphold, support'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the people, of the world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, community

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly

(indeclinable)

प्रग्रहणम् (pragrahaṇam) - restraint, control, grasping

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pragrahaṇa

pragrahaṇa - seizing, taking, holding, control, restraint

from pra + grah + ana

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

स्मृतम् (smṛtam) - is considered, is remembered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, recollected, considered

Past Passive Participle

from root smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)