महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-40

तस्मान्नैव मृदुर्नित्यं तीक्ष्णो वापि भवेन्नृपः ।
वसन्तेऽर्क इव श्रीमान्न शीतो न च घर्मदः ॥४०॥

40. tasmānnaiva mṛdurnityaṁ tīkṣṇo vāpi bhavennṛpaḥ ,
vasante'rka iva śrīmānna śīto na ca gharmadaḥ.

40. tasmāt na eva mṛduḥ nityaṃ tīkṣṇaḥ vā api bhavet nṛpaḥ
vasante arkaḥ iva śrīmān na śītaḥ na ca gharmadaḥ

40. tasmāt nṛpaḥ nityaṃ mṛduḥ eva na bhavet vā tīkṣṇaḥ api na
bhavet vasante arkaḥ iva śrīmān na śītaḥ ca na gharmadaḥ

40. Therefore, a king should not always be gentle, nor should he be always harsh. He should be like the glorious spring sun, which is neither too cold nor giving excessive heat.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, lenient

• नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly

• तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - sharp, harsh, severe

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• वसन्ते (vasante) - in spring, in the spring season

• अर्कः (arkaḥ) - sun

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid, prosperous

• न (na) - not, no

• शीतः (śītaḥ) - cold, cool

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• घर्मदः (gharmadaḥ) - giving heat, hot

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative case of 'tad' used as an adverb.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

मृदुः (mṛduḥ) - gentle, soft, lenient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, gentle, lenient, weak

नित्यं (nityaṁ) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - sharp, harsh, severe

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, harsh, severe, pungent

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative 3rd Person Singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

वसन्ते (vasante) - in spring, in the spring season

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vasanta

vasanta - spring, spring season

अर्कः (arkaḥ) - sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arka

arka - sun, ray, fire, light, praise

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, splendid, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, beautiful, prosperous, fortunate, endowed with splendor

Formed with noun śrī (splendor, prosperity) + possessive suffix -mat

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शीतः (śītaḥ) - cold, cool

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, frigid

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

घर्मदः (gharmadaḥ) - giving heat, hot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gharmada

gharmada - giving heat, hot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gharma+da)

• gharma – heat, warmth, summer
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghṛ (class 3)
• da – giver, bestower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root dā- (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)