महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
प्रणिपत्य हृषीकेशमभिवाद्य पितामहम् ।
अनुमान्य गुरून्सर्वान्पर्यपृच्छद्युधिष्ठिरः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
praṇipatya hṛṣīkeśamabhivādya pitāmaham ,
anumānya gurūnsarvānparyapṛcchadyudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca praṇipatya hṛṣīkeśam abhivādya
pitāmaham anumānya gurūn sarvān paryapṛcchat yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca: yudhiṣṭhiraḥ hṛṣīkeśam praṇipatya pitāmaham abhivādya sarvān gurūn anumānya paryapṛcchat.

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having bowed down to Hṛṣīkeśa (Krishna), paid his respects to his grandfather (pitāmaha, Bhīṣma), and received permission from all his preceptors (guru), Yudhiṣṭhira then inquired.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having saluted respectfully

• हृषीकेशम् (hṛṣīkeśam) - To Krishna, who is called Hṛṣīkeśa. (to Hṛṣīkeśa (an epithet of Krishna or Vishnu))

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted, having paid respects

• पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - To Bhīṣma, the paternal grandfather of the Pāṇḍavas. (to the grandfather)

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission, having honored, having respected

• गुरून् (gurūn) - The various teachers and elders present, implying those like Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Droṇa, Kṛpa etc. (preceptors, elders, respected ones)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the preceptors and elders mentioned. (all)

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - asked, questioned

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata. (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative 3rd singular

From root √vac (2nd class, Parasmaipada).

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रणिपत्य (praṇipatya) - having bowed down, having saluted respectfully

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Gerund of √pat with prefix pra- and ni-.

Prefixes: pra+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

हृषीकेशम् (hṛṣīkeśam) - To Krishna, who is called Hṛṣīkeśa. (to Hṛṣīkeśa (an epithet of Krishna or Vishnu))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hṛṣīkeśa

hṛṣīkeśa - Lord of the senses, a name of Vishnu/Krishna

A Bahuvrīhi compound, from hṛṣīka (sense) + īśa (lord).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hṛṣīka+īśa)

• hṛṣīka – a sense organ
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √īś (2nd class).
  Root: īś (class 2)

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted, having saluted, having paid respects

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Gerund of √vad with prefixes abhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vad (class 1)

पितामहम् (pitāmaham) - To Bhīṣma, the paternal grandfather of the Pāṇḍavas. (to the grandfather)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather

From pitṛ (father) + mah (great/honorable).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, honourable
  adjective

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having obtained permission, having honored, having respected

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

Gerund of √man with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

गुरून् (gurūn) - The various teachers and elders present, implying those like Dhṛtarāṣṭra, Droṇa, Kṛpa etc. (preceptors, elders, respected ones)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, elder, heavy

From root √gṝ (to praise, to sound).

Root: gṝ (class 9)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - All the preceptors and elders mentioned. (all)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agreement with gurūn.

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pṛcch

imperfect active indicative 3rd singular

From root √pṛcch (6th class, Parasmaipada) with prefix pari-.

Prefix: pari

Root: pṛcch (class 6)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Bahuvrīhi compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  From root √yudh (4th class, Ātmanepada) 'to fight'.
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root √sthā (1st class) 'to stand'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)