महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-56, verse-30

विनश्यमानं धर्मं हि यो रक्षति स धर्मवित् ।
न तेन भ्रूणहा स स्यान्मन्युस्तं मनुमृच्छति ॥३०॥

30. vinaśyamānaṁ dharmaṁ hi yo rakṣati sa dharmavit ,
na tena bhrūṇahā sa syānmanyustaṁ manumṛcchati.

30. vinaśyamānam dharmam hi yaḥ rakṣati saḥ dharmavit
na tena bhrūṇahā saḥ syāt manyuḥ tam manum ṛcchati

30. yaḥ vinaśyamānam dharmam hi rakṣati saḥ dharmavit.
tena saḥ bhrūṇahā na syāt.
manyuḥ tam manum ṛcchati.

30. Indeed, he who protects (natural law) dharma when it is perishing is a knower of (natural law) dharma. By such an act, he does not become a slayer of a Brahmin (bhrūṇahā); rather, the indignation (manyu) (for that crime) reaches that (culpable) person.

Words meanings summery:

• विनश्यमानम् (vinaśyamānam) - perishing, being undermined (perishing, being destroyed, decaying)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) dharma (duty, righteousness, natural law, virtue)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

• रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of (natural law) dharma (knower of dharma)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तेन (tena) - by that (act) (by that, by him)

• भ्रूणहा (bhrūṇahā) - slayer of a Brahmin (bhrūṇahā) (slayer of an embryo, slayer of a Brahmin)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the protector) (he, that)

• स्यात् (syāt) - he would become (he would be, he should be)

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - indignation (wrath, anger, indignation, spirit, zeal)

• तम् (tam) - that (culpable) person (him, that)

• मनुम् (manum) - (culpable) person (man, human being, Manu (the lawgiver))

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - reaches (upon) (reaches, obtains, goes to, falls into)

Words meanings and morphology

विनश्यमानम् (vinaśyamānam) - perishing, being undermined (perishing, being destroyed, decaying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinaśyamāna

vinaśyamāna - perishing, being destroyed, vanishing, decaying

Present Middle Participle

From prefix 'vi' + root 'naś' (to perish) in 'śānac' suffix (middle voice).

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmam'.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - (natural law) dharma (duty, righteousness, natural law, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, constitution, law

From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'rakṣati'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'rakṣati'.

रक्षति (rakṣati) - protects (protects, guards, preserves)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Tense

From root 'rakṣ' (to protect) in the 1st class (rakṣati).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/Anaphoric pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'asti' (implied with 'dharmavit').

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of (natural law) dharma (knower of dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of dharma, righteous, virtuous

Agent Noun

Compound of 'dharma' (dharma) and 'vit' (knower, from root 'vid' to know).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, constitution, law
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'vid' (to know) with 'kvip' suffix.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'saḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that (act) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

भ्रूणहा (bhrūṇahā) - slayer of a Brahmin (bhrūṇahā) (slayer of an embryo, slayer of a Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrūṇahan

bhrūṇahan - slayer of an embryo, slayer of a Brahmin

Agent Noun

Compound of 'bhrūṇa' (fetus/embryo) and 'han' (slayer).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhrūṇa+han)

• bhrūṇa – embryo, fetus, a young animal, a Brahmin well-versed in the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, killer, destroyer
  agent noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with 'kvip' suffix.
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative to 'saḥ' and 'syāt'.

सः (saḥ) - he (the protector) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

स्यात् (syāt) - he would become (he would be, he should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

From root 'as' (to be) in 'vidhi-liṅ'.

Root: as (class 2)

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - indignation (wrath, anger, indignation, spirit, zeal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - wrath, anger, indignation, spirit, zeal, mind

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'ṛcchati'.

तम् (tam) - that (culpable) person (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

मनुम् (manum) - (culpable) person (man, human being, Manu (the lawgiver))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manu

manu - man, human being, Manu (mythical progenitor and lawgiver), mind

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - reaches (upon) (reaches, obtains, goes to, falls into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Present Tense

From root 'ṛch' (or 'ṛ') in the 6th class (ṛcchati).

Root: ṛ (class 6)