महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-8

अवतीर्य महीं तेऽथ चातुर्होत्रमकल्पयन् ।
संयाजयन्तो विप्रांश्च राजन्यांश्च विशस्तथा ॥८॥

8. avatīrya mahīṁ te'tha cāturhotramakalpayan ,
saṁyājayanto viprāṁśca rājanyāṁśca viśastathā.

8. avatīrya mahīm te atha cāturhotram akalpayan |
saṃyājayantaḥ viprān ca rājanyān ca viśaḥ tathā

8. atha te mahīm avatīrya cāturhotram akalpayan
viprān ca rājanyān ca tathā viśaḥ saṃyājayantaḥ

8. Having descended to the earth, they then established the system of four chief priests (cāturhotra), engaging Brahmins (vipras), Kṣatriyas (rājanyas), and Vaiśyas (viśas) in performing Vedic rituals.

Words meanings summery:

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having alighted

• महीम् (mahīm) - earth, land

• ते (te) - they

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• चातुर्होत्रम् (cāturhotram) - the system of four chief priests in a Vedic ritual (the four-priest ritual system)

• अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they arranged, instituted, caused to be performed

• संयाजयन्तः (saṁyājayantaḥ) - causing to perform Vedic rituals, officiating, sacrificing

• विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, learned ones

• च (ca) - and

• राजन्यान् (rājanyān) - Kṣatriyas, members of the royal class

• च (ca) - and

• विशः (viśaḥ) - Vaiśyas, common people, settlers

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so also, likewise

Words meanings and morphology

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having alighted

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lyap)

From ava + tṛ (to cross, descend) + ya suffix

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

महीम् (mahīm) - earth, land

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land

Accusative singular feminine of mahī

Root: mah (class 1)

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Nominative plural masculine of tad

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

चातुर्होत्रम् (cāturhotram) - the system of four chief priests in a Vedic ritual (the four-priest ritual system)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturhotra

cāturhotra - the system of four main priests (Hotṛ, Adhvaryu, Udgātṛ, Brahman) in a Vedic ritual

From catur (four) + hotṛ (priest who invokes gods)

Compound type : tatpurusha (catur+hotṛ)

• catur – four
  numeral
• hotṛ – sacrificer, priest
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root hu (to offer into fire) + tṛc suffix
  Root: hu (class 3)

Note: Object of 'akalpayan'.

अकल्पयन् (akalpayan) - they arranged, instituted, caused to be performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of kalpayan

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice, causative of root kḷp (to be able, to form), with 'a' as augment for past tense.

Root: kḷp (class 1)

संयाजयन्तः (saṁyājayantaḥ) - causing to perform Vedic rituals, officiating, sacrificing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃyājayat

saṁyājayat - causing to perform Vedic rituals, officiating

present active participle

Present active participle, nominative plural masculine, causative of sam + yaj (to perform Vedic ritual)

Prefix: sam

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Participial adjective describing 'te'.

विप्रान् (viprān) - Brahmins, learned ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, learned

Accusative plural masculine of vipra

Root: vip (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

राजन्यान् (rājanyān) - Kṣatriyas, members of the royal class

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rājanya

rājanya - Kṣatriya, member of the royal or warrior class

Accusative plural masculine of rājanya, from rājan (king)

Root: rāj (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशः (viśaḥ) - Vaiśyas, common people, settlers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viś

viś - Vaiśya (third class of society), common people, settlers

Accusative plural masculine of viś

Root: viś (class 6)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so also, likewise

(indeclinable)