महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-54

एतत्तु महदाश्चर्यं यदयं पर्वतोत्तमः ।
कम्पितः सहसा तेन वायुनाभिप्रवायता ॥५४॥

54. etattu mahadāścaryaṁ yadayaṁ parvatottamaḥ ,
kampitaḥ sahasā tena vāyunābhipravāyatā.

54. etat tu mahat āścaryam yat ayam parvatottamaḥ
kampitaḥ sahasā tena vāyunā abhipravāyatā

54. etat tu mahat āścaryam yat ayam parvatottamaḥ
tena abhipravāyatā vāyunā sahasā kampitaḥ

54. This is indeed a great marvel, that this supreme mountain was suddenly made to tremble by that strongly blowing wind.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the event) (this, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - marvel (wonder, marvel, surprise)

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the mountain) (this)

• पर्वतोत्तमः (parvatottamaḥ) - supreme mountain (best of mountains, supreme mountain)

• कम्पितः (kampitaḥ) - made to tremble (shaken, trembled, caused to tremble)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• तेन (tena) - by that (wind) (by that)

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by the wind

• अभिप्रवायता (abhipravāyatā) - by (that wind) blowing strongly (by blowing, by flowing strongly)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the event) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etas

etas - this

Note: Also accusative singular neuter form. Here nominative.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Note: Qualifies āścaryam.

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - marvel (wonder, marvel, surprise)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, marvel, surprise, astonishment

Note: Subject complement with implied 'is'.

यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal root yad.

Note: Connects the main clause to the subordinate clause explaining the wonder.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the mountain) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

पर्वतोत्तमः (parvatottamaḥ) - supreme mountain (best of mountains, supreme mountain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parvatottama

parvatottama - best of mountains, supreme mountain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+uttama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of the subordinate clause.

कम्पितः (kampitaḥ) - made to tremble (shaken, trembled, caused to tremble)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kampita

kampita - shaken, trembling, agitated, caused to tremble

Past Passive Participle

From root kamp (to tremble, shake).

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with parvatottamaḥ.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of sahas (force, power), used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial use.

तेन (tena) - by that (wind) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वायुना (vāyunā) - by the wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

अभिप्रवायता (abhipravāyatā) - by (that wind) blowing strongly (by blowing, by flowing strongly)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhipravāyat

abhipravāyat - blowing strongly towards, flowing strongly

Present Active Participle

From abhi-pra-vā (to blow towards, to blow strongly). Root vā (to blow).

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vāyunā.