महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-55

विष्णोर्निःश्वासवातोऽयं यदा वेगसमीरितः ।
सहसोदीर्यते तात जगत्प्रव्यथते तदा ॥५५॥

55. viṣṇorniḥśvāsavāto'yaṁ yadā vegasamīritaḥ ,
sahasodīryate tāta jagatpravyathate tadā.

55. viṣṇoḥ niḥśvāsavātaḥ ayam yadā vegasamīritaḥ
sahasā udīryate tāta jagat pravyathate tadā

55. ayam viṣṇoḥ niḥśvāsavātaḥ yadā sahasā
vega-samīritaḥ udīryate tāta tadā jagat pravyathate

55. This is the breath-wind of Viṣṇu; when it is propelled with great speed and suddenly rises up, O dear one, then the world is severely distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of the deity Viṣṇu (of Viṣṇu)

• निःश्वासवातः (niḥśvāsavātaḥ) - the wind of (Viṣṇu's) breath (breath-wind)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the breath-wind) (this)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• वेगसमीरितः (vegasamīritaḥ) - propelled with great speed/force (propelled by speed, moved by impulse)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

• उदीर्यते (udīryate) - it rises up, it is emitted (it is raised, it arises, it is uttered)

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (vocative of affection) (O dear one, father, son)

• जगत् (jagat) - the world (world, universe, moving)

• प्रव्यथते (pravyathate) - it is severely distressed/trembles greatly (it trembles, it is agitated, it is distressed)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

विष्णोः (viṣṇoḥ) - of the deity Viṣṇu (of Viṣṇu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (a principal Hindu deity, the Preserver in the Trimurti)

Root: viṣ (class 6)

निःश्वासवातः (niḥśvāsavātaḥ) - the wind of (Viṣṇu's) breath (breath-wind)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvāsavāta

niḥśvāsavāta - breath-wind, wind of respiration

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niḥśvāsa+vāta)

• niḥśvāsa – exhalation, breath
  noun (masculine)
  From nis-śvas (to breathe out)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: śvas (class 2)
• vāta – wind, air, current of air
  noun (masculine)
  From root vā (to blow)
  Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to the breath-wind) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal root yad.

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

वेगसमीरितः (vegasamīritaḥ) - propelled with great speed/force (propelled by speed, moved by impulse)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vegasamīrita

vegasamīrita - propelled by speed, moved by force, stirred by velocity

Past Passive Participle

Compound of vega (speed, force) and samīrita (propelled, moved). samīrita is PPP of sam-īr (to stir, set in motion).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vega+samīrita)

• vega – speed, velocity, force, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  From root vij (to move quickly)
  Root: vij (class 6)
• samīrita – propelled, moved, stirred up, caused to move
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-īr (to stir, set in motion).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Refers to niḥśvāsavātaḥ.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly (suddenly, forcibly, quickly)

(indeclinable)

Instrumental form of sahas (force, power), used adverbially.

Note: Adverbial.

उदीर्यते (udīryate) - it rises up, it is emitted (it is raised, it arises, it is uttered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of udīr

Passive form of ud-īr (to raise, excite). Root īr (to set in motion, raise).

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: The subject is niḥśvāsavātaḥ (implied by context).

तात (tāta) - O dear one (vocative of affection) (O dear one, father, son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear, father, son, O dear one (term of endearment or respect)

जगत् (jagat) - the world (world, universe, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

From root gam (to go, move), present participle.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of pravyathate.

प्रव्यथते (pravyathate) - it is severely distressed/trembles greatly (it trembles, it is agitated, it is distressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravyath

From pra-vyath (to tremble, be agitated). Root vyath (to totter, be agitated).

Prefix: pra

Root: vyath (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal root tad.

Note: Adverb of time.