महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-44

येन वेगवता रुग्णा रूक्षेणारुजता रसान् ।
वायुना विहता मेघा न भवन्ति बलाहकाः ॥४४॥

44. yena vegavatā rugṇā rūkṣeṇārujatā rasān ,
vāyunā vihatā meghā na bhavanti balāhakāḥ.

44. yena vegavatā rugṇāḥ rūkṣeṇa arujatā rasān
vāyunā vihatāḥ meghāḥ na bhavanti balāhakāḥ

44. yena vegavatā rūkṣeṇa arujatā rasān vāyunā
rugṇāḥ vihatāḥ meghāḥ na balāhakāḥ bhavanti

44. By that swift, rough wind, which does not pulverize the water content (rasān), the clouds are shattered; thus, when dispersed by this wind, they do not form into rain-bearing clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

• वेगवता (vegavatā) - swift (swift, impetuous, fast)

• रुग्णाः (rugṇāḥ) - shattered (broken, shattered, afflicted)

• रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) - by the rough (wind) (by the rough, by the harsh)

• अरुजता (arujatā) - by the (wind) not pulverizing (by not breaking, by not hurting)

• रसान् (rasān) - water content, moisture (juices, tastes, fluids, water, essence)

• वायुना (vāyunā) - by this wind (by the wind)

• विहताः (vihatāḥ) - dispersed, scattered (dispersed, scattered, struck down)

• मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

• बलाहकाः (balāhakāḥ) - rain-bearing clouds (thunderclouds, rain-clouds)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

वेगवता (vegavatā) - swift (swift, impetuous, fast)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vegavat

vegavat - swift, impetuous, quick

Matup suffix denoting 'possessing speed'.

रुग्णाः (rugṇāḥ) - shattered (broken, shattered, afflicted)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rugṇa

rugṇa - broken, shattered, afflicted, sick

Past Passive Participle

From √ruj (to break, crush).

Root: √ruj (class 6)

रूक्षेण (rūkṣeṇa) - by the rough (wind) (by the rough, by the harsh)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - rough, harsh, dry, hard

Note: Qualifies 'vāyunā'.

अरुजता (arujatā) - by the (wind) not pulverizing (by not breaking, by not hurting)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arujat

arujat - not breaking, not hurting, not pulverizing

Present Active Participle

Negative prefix a- + rujat (from √ruj 'to break, crush') with śatṛ suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rujat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• rujat – breaking, crushing, hurting
  participle
  Present Active Participle
  From √ruj (to break).
  Root: √ruj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'vāyunā'.

रसान् (rasān) - water content, moisture (juices, tastes, fluids, water, essence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rasa

rasa - juice, fluid, water, taste, essence, emotion

Note: Object of 'arujatā'.

वायुना (vāyunā) - by this wind (by the wind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, Vāyu (deity)

Root: √vā (class 2)

Note: Agent of scattering and shattering.

विहताः (vihatāḥ) - dispersed, scattered (dispersed, scattered, struck down)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vihata

vihata - dispersed, scattered, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√han (to strike, disperse, destroy).

Prefix: vi

Root: √han (class 2)

मेघाः (meghāḥ) - clouds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud

From √mih (to sprinkle, urinate).

Root: √mih (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'bhavanti'.

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Active Indicative

Root: √bhū (class 1)

बलाहकाः (balāhakāḥ) - rain-bearing clouds (thunderclouds, rain-clouds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of balāhaka

balāhaka - thundercloud, rain-cloud

Note: Predicative nominative with 'bhavanti'.