महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-31

पृथिव्यामन्तरिक्षे च यत्र संवान्ति वायवः ।
सप्तैते वायुमार्गा वै तान्निबोधानुपूर्वशः ॥३१॥

31. pṛthivyāmantarikṣe ca yatra saṁvānti vāyavaḥ ,
saptaite vāyumārgā vai tānnibodhānupūrvaśaḥ.

31. pṛthivyām antarikṣe ca yatra saṃvanti vāyavaḥ
sapta ete vāyumārgāḥ vai tān nibodha anupūrvaśaḥ

31. yatra pṛthivyām antarikṣe ca vāyavaḥ saṃvanti
ete sapta vāyumārgāḥ vai tān anupūrvaśaḥ nibodha

31. These are the seven paths of the winds, where they blow on the earth and in the intermediate space. Learn about them in due order.

Words meanings summery:

• पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth

• अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere, in space

• च (ca) - and

• यत्र (yatra) - where

• संवन्ति (saṁvanti) - they blow

• वायवः (vāyavaḥ) - winds

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• एते (ete) - these

• वायुमार्गाः (vāyumārgāḥ) - paths of wind, wind-paths

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• तान् (tān) - them

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, learn

• अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in due order, sequentially

Words meanings and morphology

पृथिव्याम् (pṛthivyām) - on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of pṛthivī

pṛthivī - earth, the Earth

अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere, in space

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - intermediate space, atmosphere, sky

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यत्र (yatra) - where

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

संवन्ति (saṁvanti) - they blow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of saṃ-vā

Root verb, class 2 (adādi) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: vā (class 2)

वायवः (vāyavaḥ) - winds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, a deity of wind

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral adjective)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etas

etas - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

वायुमार्गाः (vāyumārgāḥ) - paths of wind, wind-paths

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyumārga

vāyumārga - wind-path, course of wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+mārga)

• vāyu – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Root verb, class 1 (bhvādi) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

अनुपूर्वशः (anupūrvaśaḥ) - in due order, sequentially

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from 'anupūrva' with the suffix '-śas'.