महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-41

समुह्यमाना बहुधा येन नीलाः पृथग्घनाः ।
वर्षमोक्षकृतारम्भास्ते भवन्ति घनाघनाः ॥४१॥

41. samuhyamānā bahudhā yena nīlāḥ pṛthagghanāḥ ,
varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāste bhavanti ghanāghanāḥ.

41. samuhyamānāḥ bahudhā yena nīlāḥ pṛthak ghanāḥ
varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāḥ te bhavanti ghanāghanāḥ

41. yena bahudhā samuhyamānāḥ nīlāḥ pṛthak ghanāḥ
varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāḥ te ghanāghanāḥ bhavanti

41. That (wind), by which the distinct blue clouds are carried in many ways and have begun to release rain, causes them to become dense thunderclouds.

Words meanings summery:

• समुह्यमानाः (samuhyamānāḥ) - being carried together (by the wind) (being carried, being driven together, being borne along)

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in various ways (in many ways, manifoldly, variously)

• येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

• नीलाः (nīlāḥ) - blue (blue, dark blue, black)

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct, separate (separate, distinct, apart)

• घनाः (ghanāḥ) - clouds (clouds, dense)

• वर्षमोक्षकृतारम्भाः (varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāḥ) - having begun to release rain (having started the release of rain)

• ते (te) - they (the clouds) (they)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

• घनाघनाः (ghanāghanāḥ) - dense thunderclouds (dense clouds, thunderclouds, clouds upon clouds)

Words meanings and morphology

समुह्यमानाः (samuhyamānāḥ) - being carried together (by the wind) (being carried, being driven together, being borne along)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samuhyamāna

samuhyamāna - being carried along, being moved together

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root √vah (to carry) with prefix sam-, in passive voice, śānac suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: √vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ghanāḥ'.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in various ways (in many ways, manifoldly, variously)

(indeclinable)

Suffix -dhā indicates manner.

येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

नीलाः (nīlāḥ) - blue (blue, dark blue, black)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nīla

nīla - blue, dark blue, black

Note: Qualifies 'ghanāḥ'.

पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinct, separate (separate, distinct, apart)

(indeclinable)

घनाः (ghanāḥ) - clouds (clouds, dense)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - dense, thick, solid, cloud, mass

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वर्षमोक्षकृतारम्भाः (varṣamokṣakṛtārambhāḥ) - having begun to release rain (having started the release of rain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṣamokṣakṛtārambha

varṣamokṣakṛtārambha - having started the release of rain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (varṣamokṣakṛta+ārambha)

• varṣamokṣakṛta – having made the release of rain
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle + compound
  Compound of 'varṣa', 'mokṣa', and 'kṛta'.
• varṣa – rain, year
  noun (masculine)
  Root: √vṛṣ (class 1)
• mokṣa – liberation (mokṣa), release, discharge
  noun (masculine)
  From √muc (to release).
  Root: √muc (class 6)
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• ārambha – beginning, undertaking, commencement
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√rabh (to begin).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: √rabh (class 1)

ते (te) - they (the clouds) (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Active Indicative

Root: √bhū (class 1)

घनाघनाः (ghanāghanāḥ) - dense thunderclouds (dense clouds, thunderclouds, clouds upon clouds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghanāghana

ghanāghana - dense cloud, thundercloud, clouds upon clouds

Reduplicative compound of 'ghana' for intensity or specific type of cloud.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ghana+aghana)

• ghana – dense, thick, solid, cloud, mass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative nominative with 'bhavanti'.