महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-42

संहता येन चाविद्धा भवन्ति नदतां नदाः ।
रक्षणार्थाय संभूता मेघत्वमुपयान्ति च ॥४२॥

42. saṁhatā yena cāviddhā bhavanti nadatāṁ nadāḥ ,
rakṣaṇārthāya saṁbhūtā meghatvamupayānti ca.

42. saṃhatāḥ yena ca aviddhāḥ bhavanti nadatām nadāḥ
rakṣaṇārthāya saṃbhūtāḥ meghatvam upayanti ca

42. yena ca nadatām nadāḥ saṃhatāḥ aviddhāḥ bhavanti
ca rakṣaṇārthāya saṃbhūtāḥ meghatvam upayanti

42. By that (wind), the roaring clouds become collected and unimpeded. And, having formed for the purpose of protection, they attain the nature of clouds.

Words meanings summery:

• संहताः (saṁhatāḥ) - collected, gathered (collected, joined, dense, compact)

• येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अविद्धाः (aviddhāḥ) - undisturbed, unimpeded (unpierced, undisturbed, unharmed)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

• नदताम् (nadatām) - of the roaring (clouds) (of those roaring)

• नदाः (nadāḥ) - roaring clouds (large rivers, roarers, clouds)

• रक्षणार्थाय (rakṣaṇārthāya) - for the purpose of protection (by rain) (for the purpose of protection)

• संभूताः (saṁbhūtāḥ) - having formed, originated (having arisen, produced, formed, grown)

• मेघत्वम् (meghatvam) - the nature of clouds (cloud-ness, the state of being a cloud)

• उपयन्ति (upayanti) - they attain (they approach, attain, go towards)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

संहताः (saṁhatāḥ) - collected, gathered (collected, joined, dense, compact)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃhata

saṁhata - joined, collected, dense, compact

Past Passive Participle

From sam-√han (to strike together, join, collect).

Prefix: sam

Root: √han (class 2)

येन (yena) - by which (wind) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अविद्धाः (aviddhāḥ) - undisturbed, unimpeded (unpierced, undisturbed, unharmed)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aviddha

aviddha - unpierced, undisturbed, unharmed, not known

Past Passive Participle

Negative prefix a- + viddha (from √vyadh 'to pierce, strike').

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+viddha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• viddha – pierced, struck, injured
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vyadh (to pierce).
  Root: √vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'nadāḥ' (clouds).

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become (they become, they are)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Active Indicative

Root: √bhū (class 1)

नदताम् (nadatām) - of the roaring (clouds) (of those roaring)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nadat

nadat - roaring, sounding

Present Active Participle

From √nad (to roar, sound) with śatṛ suffix.

Root: √nad (class 1)

नदाः (nadāḥ) - roaring clouds (large rivers, roarers, clouds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nada

nada - a large river, a roar, a cloud (rarely)

From √nad (to roar).

Root: √nad (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'bhavanti'.

रक्षणार्थाय (rakṣaṇārthāya) - for the purpose of protection (by rain) (for the purpose of protection)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of rakṣaṇārtha

rakṣaṇārtha - purpose of protection

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rakṣaṇa+artha)

• rakṣaṇa – protection, guarding
  noun (neuter)
  From √rakṣ (to protect).
  Root: √rakṣ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

संभूताः (saṁbhūtāḥ) - having formed, originated (having arisen, produced, formed, grown)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saṃbhūta

saṁbhūta - arisen, produced, formed, present

Past Passive Participle

From sam-√bhū (to arise, be produced).

Prefix: sam

Root: √bhū (class 1)

मेघत्वम् (meghatvam) - the nature of clouds (cloud-ness, the state of being a cloud)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of meghatva

meghatva - cloud-ness, the state of being a cloud

Derived from megha + tva (suffix for abstract noun).

Note: Object of 'upayanti'.

उपयन्ति (upayanti) - they attain (they approach, attain, go towards)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-√i

Present Active Indicative

Prefix: upa

Root: √i (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)