महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-315, verse-13

ब्रह्मघोषैर्विरहितः पर्वतोऽयं न शोभते ।
रजसा तमसा चैव सोमः सोपप्लवो यथा ॥१३॥

13. brahmaghoṣairvirahitaḥ parvato'yaṁ na śobhate ,
rajasā tamasā caiva somaḥ sopaplavo yathā.

13. brahmaghoṣaiḥ virahitaḥ parvataḥ ayam na śobhate
rajasā tamasā ca eva somaḥ sa-upaplavaḥ yathā

13. ayam parvataḥ brahmaghoṣaiḥ virahitaḥ na śobhate yathā
somaḥ rajasā tamasā ca eva sa-upaplavaḥ (na śobhate)

13. This mountain, devoid of the chanting of the Vedas (brahmaghoṣa), does not shine, just as the moon, afflicted by dust and darkness, does not appear splendid.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रह्मघोषैः (brahmaghoṣaiḥ) - by the sounds of sacred texts, by Vedic chants

• विरहितः (virahitaḥ) - devoid of, separated from, without

• पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain, hill

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• न (na) - not, no

• शोभते (śobhate) - shines, appears splendid, is beautiful

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (for the moon) (by dust, by passion, by the quality of activity)

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (for the moon) (by darkness, by ignorance, by the quality of inertia)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (the moon, Soma (the plant/deity))

• स-उपप्लवः (sa-upaplavaḥ) - afflicted (by dust and darkness) (afflicted, distressed, obscured (by eclipse))

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रह्मघोषैः (brahmaghoṣaiḥ) - by the sounds of sacred texts, by Vedic chants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of brahmaghoṣa

brahmaghoṣa - chanting of the Vedas, sound of sacred texts

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+ghoṣa)

• brahman – the Absolute reality, sacred text, Veda, prayer
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, roar, proclamation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

विरहितः (virahitaḥ) - devoid of, separated from, without

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virahita

virahita - separated, deserted, abandoned, devoid of

Past Passive Participle

From vi-rah (to leave, abandon) + kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: rah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies parvataḥ.

पर्वतः (parvataḥ) - mountain, hill

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parvata

parvata - mountain, rock, hill

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Qualifies parvataḥ.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb śobhate.

शोभते (śobhate) - shines, appears splendid, is beautiful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śobh

Root: śubh (class 1)

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust (for the moon) (by dust, by passion, by the quality of activity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, gloom, passion, quality of activity

Root: rañj (class 1)

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness (for the moon) (by darkness, by ignorance, by the quality of inertia)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia

Root: tam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects rajasā and tamasā.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon (the moon, Soma (the plant/deity))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma plant, juice, nectar

Root: su (class 5)

Note: Part of the simile.

स-उपप्लवः (sa-upaplavaḥ) - afflicted (by dust and darkness) (afflicted, distressed, obscured (by eclipse))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-upaplava

sa-upaplava - afflicted, distressed, obscured, eclipsed (with upaplava)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+upaplava)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• upaplava – affliction, calamity, eclipse, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From upa-plu (to float near, invade, affect) + a suffix.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies somaḥ.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)