महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-173, verse-41

स्वाध्यायमग्निसंस्कारमप्रमत्तोऽनुपालय ।
सत्यं दमं च दानं च स्पर्धिष्ठा मा च केनचित् ॥४१॥

41. svādhyāyamagnisaṁskāramapramatto'nupālaya ,
satyaṁ damaṁ ca dānaṁ ca spardhiṣṭhā mā ca kenacit.

41. svādhyāyam agnisaṃskāram apramattaḥ anupālaya
satyam damam ca dānam ca spardhiṣṭhā mā ca kenacit

41. apramattaḥ svādhyāyam agnisaṃskāram anupālaya
satyam damam ca dānam ca kenacit ca mā spardhiṣṭhā

41. Diligently observe self-study and fire rituals (saṃskāra). Practice truth, self-restraint, and charity (dāna), and never contend with anyone.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, recitation of sacred texts, Vedic study

• अग्निसंस्कारम् (agnisaṁskāram) - fire ritual, purification by fire

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - diligent, vigilant, careful, not careless

• अनुपालय (anupālaya) - observe, protect, maintain, follow

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

• दमम् (damam) - self-restraint, control, subjugation

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• स्पर्धिष्ठा (spardhiṣṭhā) - do contend, compete

• मा (mā) - not, do not

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone, with anyone

Words meanings and morphology

स्वाध्यायम् (svādhyāyam) - self-study, recitation of sacred texts, Vedic study

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svādhyāya

svādhyāya - self-study, recitation of sacred texts, Vedic study, one's own branch of the Veda

From 'sva' (self, own) + 'adhyāya' (reading, study).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+adhyāya)

• sva – own, self, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• adhyāya – study, reading, chapter, lesson
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi' + root 'i' (to go, study) + suffix 'a'.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

अग्निसंस्कारम् (agnisaṁskāram) - fire ritual, purification by fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agnisaṃskāra

agnisaṁskāra - fire ritual, consecration by fire, ritual purification (saṃskāra) involving fire

From 'agni' (fire) + 'saṃskāra' (sacred rite, purification).

Compound type : tatpurusha (agni+saṃskāra)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• saṃskāra – sacred rite, purification, mental impression, culture, refinement
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam' + root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + suffix 'ghañ'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - diligent, vigilant, careful, not careless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - diligent, vigilant, careful, not heedless, attentive

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'pramatta' (careless, negligent). 'pramatta' is from pra- √mad (to be exhilarated, mad).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated, joyful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'pra' + root 'mad' (to be exhilarated, mad) + suffix 'ta'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject "you".

अनुपालय (anupālaya) - observe, protect, maintain, follow

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of anupāl

From 'anu' (after, along) + root 'pāl' (to protect, guard).

Prefix: anu

Root: pāl (class 10)

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, real, genuine, sincere, existing

From 'sat' (being, existence) + suffix 'ya'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a noun.

दमम् (damam) - self-restraint, control, subjugation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, self-control, subjugation, taming

From root 'dam' (to tame, control).

Root: dam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

दानम् (dānam) - gift, donation, charity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, charity, the act of giving (dāna)

From root 'dā' (to give) + suffix 'ana'.

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

स्पर्धिष्ठा (spardhiṣṭhā) - do contend, compete

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, aorist imperative (liṅ) of spardh

Root: spardh (class 1)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

मा (mā) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to connect clauses or for emphasis in this context with 'mā'.

केनचित् (kenacit) - by anyone, with anyone

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kimcit

kimcit - something, anything, anyone, someone

From 'kim' (what, who) + 'cit' (an enclitic particle).

Note: Masculine form 'kena' + 'cit'.