महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-9

दुष्करं बत कुर्वन्ति महतोऽर्थांस्त्यजन्ति ये ।
वयं त्वेनान्परित्यक्तुमसतोऽपि न शक्नुमः ॥९॥

9. duṣkaraṁ bata kurvanti mahato'rthāṁstyajanti ye ,
vayaṁ tvenānparityaktumasato'pi na śaknumaḥ.

9. duṣkaram bata kurvanti mahataḥ arthān tyajanti ye
vayam tu enān parityaktum asataḥ api na śaknumaḥ

9. ye mahataḥ arthān tyajanti (te) bata duṣkaram kurvanti
vayam tu enān asataḥ api parityaktum na śaknumaḥ

9. Alas, those who renounce great goals or possessions (arthas) undertake a truly difficult task. Yet, we ourselves are unable to abandon these, even though they are impermanent (asataḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, arduous

• बत (bata) - alas, ah, oh, indeed

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform

• महतः (mahataḥ) - great, significant (great, large, important)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, meanings, wealth, goals

• त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they renounce, they give up

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• एनान् (enān) - these

• परित्यक्तुम् (parityaktum) - to abandon, to renounce, to give up

• असतः (asataḥ) - even though they are impermanent/unreal (of the non-existent, of the unreal, of the impermanent)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do, arduous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult, hard to do, arduous, impossible

compound of duḥ (bad, difficult) and kara (making, doing)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a predicate nominative or adverbially.

बत (bata) - alas, ah, oh, indeed

(indeclinable)

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they make, they perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

present active, 3rd plural

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महतः (mahataḥ) - great, significant (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important, noble

अर्थान् (arthān) - purposes, objects, meanings, wealth, goals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - purpose, aim, object, meaning, wealth, thing, interest

त्यजन्ति (tyajanti) - they abandon, they renounce, they give up

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

present active, 3rd plural

Root: tyaj (class 1)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

first person personal pronoun

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

एनान् (enān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

परित्यक्तुम् (parityaktum) - to abandon, to renounce, to give up

(verb)

infinitive (tumun) of parityaj

infinitive

infinitive form of verb with prefix

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

असतः (asataḥ) - even though they are impermanent/unreal (of the non-existent, of the unreal, of the impermanent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, impermanent, false, bad

negation of sat (existent, real, good)

Prefix: a

Root: as (class 2)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्नुमः (śaknumaḥ) - we are able

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śak

present active, 1st plural

Root: śak (class 5)