महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-18

आत्मनोऽध्रुवतां पश्यंस्तांस्त्वं किमनुशोचसि ।
बुद्ध्या चैवानुबुध्यस्व ध्रुवं हि न भविष्यसि ॥१८॥

18. ātmano'dhruvatāṁ paśyaṁstāṁstvaṁ kimanuśocasi ,
buddhyā caivānubudhyasva dhruvaṁ hi na bhaviṣyasi.

18. ātmanaḥ adhruvatām paśyan tān tvam kim anuśocasi
buddhyā ca eva anubudhyasva dhruvam hi na bhaviṣyasi

18. ātmanaḥ adhruvatām paśyan tvam tān kim anuśocasi buddhyā
ca eva anubudhyasva hi dhruvam tvam na bhaviṣyasi

18. Seeing the impermanence of the self (ātman), why do you lament for them? Understand clearly with your intellect that you too will certainly not be eternal.

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

• अध्रुवताम् (adhruvatām) - impermanence, instability

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, beholding

• तान् (tān) - refers to the deceased father and grandfather mentioned in the previous verse (them)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve for, you lament

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, indeed

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• न (na) - not

• भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be, you will exist

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of the self, of the soul

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, individual soul, essence, breath, mind

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Can also be ablative singular.

अध्रुवताम् (adhruvatām) - impermanence, instability

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adhruvatā

adhruvatā - impermanence, instability, transience

Derived from 'a-dhruva' + suffix '-tā' for abstract noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dhruva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dhruva – fixed, firm, permanent, eternal
  adjective

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, beholding

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paś

paś - to see, to behold, to look at

Present Active Participle

Root dṛś (class 1), present stem paśya-, masculine nominative singular

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions adjectivally, modifying the implicit subject (you).

तान् (tān) - refers to the deceased father and grandfather mentioned in the previous verse (them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve for, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anu-śuc

Present Active Indicative

Root śuc (class 1), 2nd person singular

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, with understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

अनुबुध्यस्व (anubudhyasva) - understand, comprehend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of anu-budh

Present Middle Imperative

Root budh (class 4), 2nd person singular

Prefix: anu

Root: budh (class 4)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

भविष्यसि (bhaviṣyasi) - you will be, you will exist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

Future Active Indicative

Root bhū (class 1), 2nd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)