महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-45

धनं वा पुरुषं राजन्पुरुषो वा पुनर्धनम् ।
अवश्यं प्रजहात्येतत्तद्विद्वान्कोऽनुसंज्वरेत् ॥४५॥

45. dhanaṁ vā puruṣaṁ rājanpuruṣo vā punardhanam ,
avaśyaṁ prajahātyetattadvidvānko'nusaṁjvaret.

45. dhanam vā puruṣam rājan puruṣaḥ vā punaḥ dhanam
avaśyam prajahāti etat tat vidvān kaḥ anusañjvaret

45. O King, a person will inevitably relinquish wealth, or wealth will inevitably leave a person. Knowing this, who would then mourn?

Words meanings summery:

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, human being, spirit

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, the human being, the spirit

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, but, on the other hand

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably, surely

• प्रजहाति (prajahāti) - abandons, gives up, relinquishes

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the previous statements)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous knowledge)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing, one who knows, learned

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• अनुसञ्ज्वरेत् (anusañjvaret) - would grieve, would mourn, would lament

Words meanings and morphology

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter, here used as subject or predicate complement.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - person, human being, spirit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa), cosmic person

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a person, the human being, the spirit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, male, human being, the Supreme Being (puruṣa), cosmic person

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - certainly, necessarily, inevitably, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Originally an adjective, used adverbially here.

प्रजहाति (prajahāti) - abandons, gives up, relinquishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hā

root verb, class 3 (jihāti), pra- prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: hā (class 3)

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to the previous statements)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the act of abandoning/leaving as a general truth.

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the previous knowledge)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adverbial use, 'that knowing', or accusative object of 'knowing'.

विद्वान् (vidvān) - knowing, one who knows, learned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vid - to know, to understand

Present Active Participle

from √vid (class 2) + śatṛ

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Present active participle used substantively.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अनुसञ्ज्वरेत् (anusañjvaret) - would grieve, would mourn, would lament

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of jvar

root verb, class 1 (jvarati), anu-sam- prefixes, optative mood

Prefixes: anu+sam

Root: jvar (class 1)