महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
धार्मिकोऽर्थानसंप्राप्य राजामात्यैः प्रबाधितः ।
च्युतः कोशाच्च दण्डाच्च सुखमिच्छन्कथं चरेत् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dhārmiko'rthānasaṁprāpya rājāmātyaiḥ prabādhitaḥ ,
cyutaḥ kośācca daṇḍācca sukhamicchankathaṁ caret.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dhārmikaḥ
arthān asaṃprāpya rājāmātyaiḥ
prabādhitaḥ cyutaḥ kośāt ca daṇḍāt
ca sukham icchan katham caret

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca rājāmātyaiḥ
prabādhitaḥ kośāt ca daṇḍāt ca
cyutaḥ arthān asaṃprāpya sukham
icchan dhārmikaḥ katham caret

1. Yudhishthira asked: How should a righteous person (dhārmika), harassed by the king's ministers, deprived of his treasury and army, and unable to attain resources, live happily?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who adheres to dharma

• अर्थान् (arthān) - resources, wealth, purposes

• असंप्राप्य (asaṁprāpya) - not having obtained, without acquiring

• राजामात्यैः (rājāmātyaiḥ) - by the king's ministers, by royal ministers

• प्रबाधितः (prabādhitaḥ) - harassed, tormented, oppressed

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen, deprived of, divested of

• कोशात् (kośāt) - from the treasury, from the kośa

• च (ca) - and

• दण्डात् (daṇḍāt) - from the army, from punishment, from the staff

• च (ca) - and

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, happily

• इच्छन् (icchan) - desiring, wishing

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• चरेत् (caret) - should live, should act, should proceed

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steadfast in battle, Yudhishthira (eldest Pandava brother)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  locative case of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - a righteous person, one who adheres to dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, virtuous, observant of (dharma)

derived from dharma with suffix -ika

Root: dhṛ

Note: functions as a noun here, referring to 'a righteous one'

अर्थान् (arthān) - resources, wealth, purposes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, wealth, object

असंप्राप्य (asaṁprāpya) - not having obtained, without acquiring

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with negative prefix

a (negative) + sam (prefix) + pra (prefix) + āp (root) + ya (absolutive suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+samprāpya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• samprāpya – having obtained, reached
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (gerund)
  sam (prefix) + pra (prefix) + āp (root) + ya (absolutive suffix)
  Prefixes: sam+pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

राजामात्यैः (rājāmātyaiḥ) - by the king's ministers, by royal ministers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rājāmātya

rājāmātya - king's minister, royal minister

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+amātya)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• amātya – minister, companion
  noun (masculine)

प्रबाधितः (prabādhitaḥ) - harassed, tormented, oppressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabādhita

prabādhita - harassed, oppressed, tormented

Past Passive Participle

pra (prefix) + bādh (root) + ita (PPP suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dhārmikaḥ

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen, deprived of, divested of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, departed, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

cyu (root) + ta (PPP suffix)

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dhārmikaḥ

कोशात् (kośāt) - from the treasury, from the kośa

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, store, sheath, bud

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दण्डात् (daṇḍāt) - from the army, from punishment, from the staff

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - staff, punishment, army, force

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, happily

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease

Note: Can function adverbially here.

इच्छन् (icchan) - desiring, wishing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present active participle

iṣ (root, desiderative form iccha) + at (participle suffix)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies dhārmikaḥ

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

चरेत् (caret) - should live, should act, should proceed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of car

Optative active

3rd person singular Optative active

Root: car (class 1)