महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-20

ये तु विंशतिवर्षा वै त्रिंशद्वर्षाश्च मानवाः ।
अर्वागेव हि ते सर्वे मरिष्यन्ति शरच्छतात् ॥२०॥

20. ye tu viṁśativarṣā vai triṁśadvarṣāśca mānavāḥ ,
arvāgeva hi te sarve mariṣyanti śaracchatāt.

20. ye tu viṃśativarṣāḥ vai triṃśadvarṣāḥ ca mānavāḥ
arvāk eva hi te sarve mariṣyanti śaracchātāt

20. tu ye mānavāḥ viṃśativarṣāḥ ca triṃśadvarṣāḥ
vai hi te sarve śaracchātāt arvāk eva mariṣyanti

20. Indeed, those humans who are twenty or thirty years old, all of them will certainly die before (reaching) a hundred years (śaracchata).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• विंशतिवर्षाः (viṁśativarṣāḥ) - twenty years old

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• त्रिंशद्वर्षाः (triṁśadvarṣāḥ) - thirty years old

• च (ca) - and

• मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

• अर्वाक् (arvāk) - before, earlier

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

• हि (hi) - indeed, for

• ते (te) - referring to the twenty or thirty-year-old humans (they)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• मरिष्यन्ति (mariṣyanti) - they will die

• शरच्छातात् (śaracchātāt) - from a hundred autumns, before a hundred years

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction/particle.

विंशतिवर्षाः (viṁśativarṣāḥ) - twenty years old

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṃśativarṣa

viṁśativarṣa - twenty years old, of twenty years

Compound noun acting as an adjective. From viṃśati (twenty) + varṣa (year).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṃśati+varṣa)

• viṃśati – twenty
  numeral (feminine)
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to mānavāḥ.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

त्रिंशद्वर्षाः (triṁśadvarṣāḥ) - thirty years old

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of triṃśadvarṣa

triṁśadvarṣa - thirty years old, of thirty years

Compound noun acting as an adjective. From triṃśat (thirty) + varṣa (year).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (triṃśat+varṣa)

• triṃśat – thirty
  numeral (feminine)
• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to mānavāḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - humans, men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

Derived from Manu with a patronymic suffix.

अर्वाक् (arvāk) - before, earlier

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.

हि (hi) - indeed, for

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - referring to the twenty or thirty-year-old humans (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, they

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'mānavāḥ' and 'te'.

मरिष्यन्ति (mariṣyanti) - they will die

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of mṛ

Future Active Indicative

Root mṛ (class 6), 3rd person plural

Root: mṛ (class 6)

शरच्छातात् (śaracchātāt) - from a hundred autumns, before a hundred years

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śaracchata

śaracchata - a hundred autumns, a hundred years

Compound of śarad (autumn, year) + śata (hundred).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarad+śata)

• śarad – autumn, year
  noun (feminine)
• śata – hundred
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Ablative case with 'arvāk' indicates "before".