महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्रायं क्षेमदर्शीयमितिहासोऽनुगीयते ।
तत्तेऽहं संप्रवक्ष्यामि तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāyaṁ kṣemadarśīyamitihāso'nugīyate ,
tatte'haṁ saṁpravakṣyāmi tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra ayam kṣemadarśīyam itihāsaḥ anugīyate
tat te aham saṃpravakṣyāmi tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca atra ayam itihāsaḥ kṣemadarśīyam anugīyate
aham tat te saṃpravakṣyāmi yudhiṣṭhira tat nibodha

2. Bhishma said: In this regard, this ancient narrative (itihāsa) concerning Kshemadarshin is recited. I will now fully explain it to you; O Yudhishthira, listen and comprehend it.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, to this

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

• क्षेमदर्शीयम् (kṣemadarśīyam) - (this account) relating to Kshemadarshin (relating to Kshemadarshin)

• इतिहासः (itihāsaḥ) - history, legend, narrative, story (itihāsa)

• अनुगीयते (anugīyate) - is recounted, is sung, is narrated

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• ते (te) - to you (dative singular, enclitic form of yuṣmad)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• संप्रवक्ष्यामि (saṁpravakṣyāmi) - I will fully explain, I will fully narrate

• तत् (tat) - that (neuter accusative singular)

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, learn

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable, Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular Perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter, to this

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to itihāsaḥ.

क्षेमदर्शीयम् (kṣemadarśīyam) - (this account) relating to Kshemadarshin (relating to Kshemadarshin)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣemadarśīya

kṣemadarśīya - relating to Kshemadarshin

kṣemadarśin (name) + īya (suffix meaning 'related to')

Note: Qualifies an implied neuter noun like 'itivṛttam' (account).

इतिहासः (itihāsaḥ) - history, legend, narrative, story (itihāsa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, tradition, legend, epic

iti ha āsa (thus indeed it was)

Root: as (class 2)

अनुगीयते (anugīyate) - is recounted, is sung, is narrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of anu-gai

Present passive

3rd person singular Present passive

Prefix: anu

Root: gai (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Acts as object of saṃpravakṣyāmi.

ते (te) - to you (dative singular, enclitic form of yuṣmad)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic dative singular

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Nominative singular

संप्रवक्ष्यामि (saṁpravakṣyāmi) - I will fully explain, I will fully narrate

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of sam-pra-vac

Future active

1st person singular Future active

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vac (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that (neuter accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, comprehend, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

Imperative active

2nd person singular Imperative active

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  locative case of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, steadfast
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)