महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-105, verse-40

कृच्छ्राल्लब्धमभिप्रेतं यदा कौसल्य नश्यति ।
तदा निर्विद्यते सोऽर्थात्परिभग्नक्रमो नरः ॥४०॥

40. kṛcchrāllabdhamabhipretaṁ yadā kausalya naśyati ,
tadā nirvidyate so'rthātparibhagnakramo naraḥ.

40. kṛcchrāt labdham abhipretam yadā kausalya naśyati
tadā nirvidyate saḥ arthāt paribhagnakramaḥ naraḥ

40. kausalya yadā kṛcchrāt labdham abhipretam naśyati
tadā saḥ naraḥ paribhagnakramaḥ arthāt nirvidyate

40. O Kausalya, when what was desired and obtained with great difficulty is lost, then that man, whose sequence of efforts is shattered, becomes despondent about his objective.

Words meanings summery:

• कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, from difficulty, painfully

• लब्धम् (labdham) - obtained, gained, acquired

• अभिप्रेतम् (abhipretam) - that which was desired (desired, intended, wished for)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• कौसल्य (kausalya) - O Kausalya

• नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is lost, fails

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• निर्विद्यते (nirvidyate) - becomes despondent (becomes disgusted, despairs, becomes disheartened)

• सः (saḥ) - that (man) (that, he)

• अर्थात् (arthāt) - about his objective (from the object, from the purpose, from gain)

• परिभग्नक्रमः (paribhagnakramaḥ) - whose sequence of efforts is shattered (whose efforts are broken, whose order is shattered)

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

Words meanings and morphology

कृच्छ्रात् (kṛcchrāt) - with difficulty, from difficulty, painfully

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, pain, hardship, distress

Note: Indicates the manner of obtaining.

लब्धम् (labdham) - obtained, gained, acquired

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of labdha

labdha - obtained, acquired, gained, received

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from root 'labh' (to obtain).

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'abhipretam', describing it as 'that which was obtained'.

अभिप्रेतम् (abhipretam) - that which was desired (desired, intended, wished for)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhipreta

abhipreta - desired, intended, wished, agreeable

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle from 'abhi' + 'pra' + root 'i' (to go).

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'naśyati'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

कौसल्य (kausalya) - O Kausalya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kausalya

kausalya - Kausalya (a proper name, mother of Rama)

नश्यति (naśyati) - perishes, is lost, fails

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of naś

Root: naś (class 4)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'yadā'.

निर्विद्यते (nirvidyate) - becomes despondent (becomes disgusted, despairs, becomes disheartened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nirvid

Prefix: nir

Root: vid (class 4)

सः (saḥ) - that (man) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'naraḥ'.

अर्थात् (arthāt) - about his objective (from the object, from the purpose, from gain)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit, object

Note: Indicates the object from which despair arises.

परिभग्नक्रमः (paribhagnakramaḥ) - whose sequence of efforts is shattered (whose efforts are broken, whose order is shattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paribhagnakrama

paribhagnakrama - one whose sequence or order is broken; frustrated in effort

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (paribhagna+krama)

• paribhagna – broken, shattered, frustrated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle from 'pari' + root 'bhañj' (to break).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• krama – order, sequence, step, effort, progress
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Note: Subject of 'nirvidyate'.