महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-155, verse-30

तथेत्युक्त्वा तु तं याजो याज्यार्थमुपकल्पयत् ।
गुर्वर्थ इति चाकाममुपयाजमचोदयत् ।
याजो द्रोणविनाशाय प्रतिजज्ञे तथा च सः ॥३०॥

30. tathetyuktvā tu taṁ yājo yājyārthamupakalpayat ,
gurvartha iti cākāmamupayājamacodayat ,
yājo droṇavināśāya pratijajñe tathā ca saḥ.

30. tathā iti uktvā tu tam yājaḥ yājyā
artham upakalpayat guru artham iti
ca akāmam upayājam acodayat yājaḥ
droṇa vināśāya pratijajñe tathā ca saḥ

30. Having said, 'So be it,' to him, Yāja then made preparations for the (sacrificial) ritual (yajña). He urged his unwilling younger brother, Upayāja, saying 'This is for the teacher (guru),' and thus Yāja also pledged for the destruction of Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - "So be it" (so, thus, in that manner)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying; (introduces direct speech)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however; (emphasizes or marks transition))

• तम् (tam) - Draupada (the king) (him, that one)

• याजः (yājaḥ) - Yāja (name of a sage)

• याज्या (yājyā) - The particular sacrifice to obtain a son. (sacrificial ritual, offering)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, purpose

• उपकल्पयत् (upakalpayat) - he prepared, he arranged

• गुरु (guru) - teacher, spiritual master (guru)

• अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, purpose

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

• च (ca) - and, also

• अकामम् (akāmam) - referring to Upayāja (unwilling, against his will)

• उपयाजम् (upayājam) - Upayāja (name of Yāja's brother)

• अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he impelled

• याजः (yājaḥ) - Yāja (name of a sage)

• द्रोण (droṇa) - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

• विनाशाय (vināśāya) - for the destruction, for the ruin

• प्रतिजज्ञे (pratijajñe) - he promised, he pledged

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - Yāja (he, that one)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - "So be it" (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying; (introduces direct speech)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root √vac (to speak) + -tvā suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Action completed before the main verb.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however; (emphasizes or marks transition))

(indeclinable)

Particle.

तम् (tam) - Draupada (the king) (him, that one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to the king who requested the ritual.

याजः (yājaḥ) - Yāja (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāja

yāja - Yāja (name of a priest/sage)

याज्या (yājyā) - The particular sacrifice to obtain a son. (sacrificial ritual, offering)

(noun)

feminine, singular of yājyā

yājyā - sacrificial prayer, sacrificial ritual, offering

From root √yaj (to sacrifice) + -yā suffix.

Root: yaj (class 1)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yājyā+artha)

• yājyā – sacrificial prayer, sacrificial ritual, offering
  noun (feminine)
  From root √yaj (to sacrifice) + -yā suffix.
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound `yājyārtham` means "for the sake of the ritual".

उपकल्पयत् (upakalpayat) - he prepared, he arranged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upakalp

Imperfect

Third person singular imperfect Parasmaipada of root √kḷp with prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: kḷp (class 10)

गुरु (guru) - teacher, spiritual master (guru)

(noun)

masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual master, preceptor, heavy, important (guru)

अर्थम् (artham) - for the sake of, for the purpose of, purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, spiritual master, preceptor, heavy, important (guru)
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, object, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound `gurvartham` means "for the sake of the teacher".

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अकामम् (akāmam) - referring to Upayāja (unwilling, against his will)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akāma

akāma - unwilling, reluctant, desireless

From a- (negation) + kāma (desire).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kāma)

• a – not, un-, in- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

उपयाजम् (upayājam) - Upayāja (name of Yāja's brother)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upayāja

upayāja - Upayāja (name of a sage, Yāja's younger brother)

अचोदयत् (acodayat) - he urged, he impelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cud

Imperfect (causative)

Third person singular imperfect Parasmaipada of causal form of root √cud.

Root: cud (class 10)

याजः (yājaḥ) - Yāja (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāja

yāja - Yāja (name of a priest/sage)

द्रोण (droṇa) - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)

विनाशाय (vināśāya) - for the destruction, for the ruin

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, annihilation, ruin

From prefix vi + root √naś (to perish) + -a suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (droṇa+vināśa)

• droṇa – Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vināśa – destruction, annihilation, ruin
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix vi + root √naś (to perish) + -a suffix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

प्रतिजज्ञे (pratijajñe) - he promised, he pledged

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of pratijñā

Perfect

Third person singular perfect Ātmanepada of root √jñā with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

तथा (tathā) - so, thus

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सः (saḥ) - Yāja (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.