योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-163, verse-1

श्रीराम उवाच ।
विनेन्द्रियजयेनेदं नाज्ञत्वमुपशाम्यति ।
तदिन्द्रियाणि जीयन्ते कथं कथय मे मुने ॥ १ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
vinendriyajayenedaṃ nājñatvamupaśāmyati ,
tadindriyāṇi jīyante kathaṃ kathaya me mune 1

1. śrīrāma uvāca vinā indriyajayena idam na ajñatvam
upaśāmyati tat indriyāṇi jīyante katham kathaya me mune

1. śrīrāma uvāca mune vinā indriyajayena idam ajñatvam
na upaśāmyati tat indriyāṇi katham jīyante me kathaya

1. Shri Rama said: "Without achieving mastery over the senses (indriya-jaya), this state of ignorance does not diminish. Therefore, tell me, O sage, how can the senses be truly subdued?"

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Shri Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• विना (vinā) - without

• इन्द्रियजयेन (indriyajayena) - by mastery over the senses (indriya-jaya) (by control of the senses, by mastery over the senses)

• इदम् (idam) - this (ignorance, referring to ajñatvam) (this, this (ignorance))

• न (na) - not, no

• अज्ञत्वम् (ajñatvam) - ignorance, state of being ignorant

• उपशाम्यति (upaśāmyati) - subsides, ceases, becomes calm

• तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the senses

• जीयन्ते (jīyante) - are conquered, are subdued

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• कथय (kathaya) - tell, narrate

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Shri Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama, the son of Dasaratha

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – prosperity, glory, divine grace
  noun (feminine)
• rāma – Rama (the seventh avatar of Vishnu), pleasing, charming
  proper noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, Perfect tense

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root √vac.

विना (vinā) - without

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with instrumental or accusative case.

इन्द्रियजयेन (indriyajayena) - by mastery over the senses (indriya-jaya) (by control of the senses, by mastery over the senses)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of indriyajaya

indriyajaya - conquest of the senses, mastery over the senses

Compound type : tatpurusha (indriya+jaya)

• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)

इदम् (idam) - this (ignorance, referring to ajñatvam) (this, this (ignorance))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Agrees with `ajñatvam`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अज्ञत्वम् (ajñatvam) - ignorance, state of being ignorant

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñatva

ajñatva - ignorance, the state of not knowing

Derived from `ajña` (ignorant) + suffix `tva` (state of being).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+jñatva)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• jñatva – the state of knowing
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from `jña` (knower) + suffix `tva` (state of being).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of `upaśāmyati`.

उपशाम्यति (upaśāmyati) - subsides, ceases, becomes calm

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śam

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, Present tense, from root √śam with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Preceded by the upasarga 'upa'.

तत् (tat) - therefore (therefore, so, that)

(indeclinable)

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - the senses

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty of sense

Note: Subject of `jīyante`.

जीयन्ते (jīyante) - are conquered, are subdued

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of ji

Present Passive Indicative

3rd person plural, Ātmanepada, Present tense, Passive voice

Root: ji (class 1)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

कथय (kathaya) - tell, narrate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of kath

Imperative Active Indicative

2nd person singular, Parasmaipada, Imperative mood

Root: kath (class 10)

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Dative case, "to me".

मुने (mune) - O sage, O ascetic

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one

Note: Addressed to Vasiṣṭha.