योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-56, verse-48

व्योमस्वच्छो बहिष्ठेहां सम्यगाचरतीह यः ।
हर्षामर्षविकारेषु काष्ठलोष्टसमः शमः ॥ ४८ ॥

vyomasvaccho bahiṣṭhehāṃ samyagācaratīha yaḥ ,
harṣāmarṣavikāreṣu kāṣṭhaloṣṭasamaḥ śamaḥ 48

48. yaḥ vyoma-svacchaḥ iha bahis-īhām samyak ācarati
harṣa-amarṣa-vikāreṣu śamaḥ kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-samaḥ

48. yaḥ vyoma-svacchaḥ iha bahis-īhām samyak ācarati,
harṣa-amarṣa-vikāreṣu śamaḥ kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-samaḥ

48. The person who, transparent as the sky, duly performs external actions in this world, and whose tranquility (śama) amidst the transformations of joy and anger is like a log or a clod of earth.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• व्योम-स्वच्छः (vyoma-svacchaḥ) - clear as the sky, sky-pure

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• बहिस्-ईहाम् (bahis-īhām) - external activities/efforts

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely

• आचरति (ācarati) - performs, behaves, conducts

• हर्ष-अमर्ष-विकारेषु (harṣa-amarṣa-vikāreṣu) - in the transformations/changes of joy and anger

• शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility (śama) (tranquility, calmness, peace, repose)

• काष्ठ-लोष्ठ-समः (kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-samaḥ) - equal to a log and a clod of earth

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun.

व्योम-स्वच्छः (vyoma-svacchaḥ) - clear as the sky, sky-pure

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyoma-svaccha

vyoma-svaccha - clear as the sky, sky-pure

Compound formed from vyoman (sky) and svaccha (clear).

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (vyoman+svaccha)

• vyoman – sky, atmosphere, heaven
  noun (neuter)
• svaccha – clear, pure, transparent
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

बहिस्-ईहाम् (bahis-īhām) - external activities/efforts

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bahis-īhā

bahis-īhā - external activity, outer effort

Compound formed from bahis (outside) and īhā (effort, desire, activity).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahis+īhā)

• bahis – outside, externally
  indeclinable
• īhā – effort, activity, desire, aspiration
  noun (feminine)
  From root īh (to strive, desire).
  Root: īh (class 1)

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, correctly, completely

(indeclinable)

From sam (together, with) + añc (to bend, go).

Note: Adverb modifying `ācarati`.

आचरति (ācarati) - performs, behaves, conducts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ā-car

Present Tense, Active Voice

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

हर्ष-अमर्ष-विकारेषु (harṣa-amarṣa-vikāreṣu) - in the transformations/changes of joy and anger

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of harṣa-amarṣa-vikāra

harṣa-amarṣa-vikāra - emotional states of joy and anger

Compound formed from harṣa (joy), amarṣa (anger, impatience), and vikāra (change, transformation, emotional state).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (harṣa+amarṣa+vikāra)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛṣ (to rejoice).
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• amarṣa – anger, impatience, intolerance
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a-' (not) + mṛṣ (to bear, endure).
  Prefix: a
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)
• vikāra – change, transformation, alteration, abnormal state, emotional disturbance
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-kṛ (to change).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

शमः (śamaḥ) - tranquility (śama) (tranquility, calmness, peace, repose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śama

śama - tranquility, calmness, peace, quietude

From root śam (to be calm, quiet).

Root: śam (class 1)

काष्ठ-लोष्ठ-समः (kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-samaḥ) - equal to a log and a clod of earth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-sama

kāṣṭha-loṣṭha-sama - equal to a log and a clod

Compound formed from kāṣṭha (wood, log), loṣṭha (clod of earth), and sama (equal).

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭha+loṣṭha+sama)

• kāṣṭha – wood, log, timber
  noun (neuter)
• loṣṭha – clod of earth, lump of clay
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar, like
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `śamaḥ`.