योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-56, verse-30

यथा विपणिकालोका विहरन्तोऽप्यसत्समाः ।
असंबन्धात्तथा ज्ञस्य ग्रामोपि विपिनोपमः ॥ ३० ॥

yathā vipaṇikālokā viharanto'pyasatsamāḥ ,
asaṃbandhāttathā jñasya grāmopi vipinopamaḥ 30

30. yathā vipaṇikālokāḥ viharantaḥ api asat-samāḥ
asaṃbandhāt tathā jñasya grāmaḥ api vipina-upamaḥ

30. yathā vipaṇikālokāḥ api viharantaḥ asat-samāḥ,
tathā asaṃbandhāt jñasya grāmaḥ api vipina-upamaḥ

30. Just as people in a market, even while moving about, are like non-existent (asat-samāḥ) due to their lack of deep connection, similarly, for the enlightened knower (jña), even a village is like a solitary forest (vipina-upamaḥ) because of non-attachment (asaṃbandha).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - Introduces the comparison. (just as, in the same way as)

• विपणिकालोकाः (vipaṇikālokāḥ) - Refers to the individuals in a bustling marketplace who are often perceived as a collective, lacking individual connection. (market people, crowds in a market)

• विहरन्तः (viharantaḥ) - Describes the bustling activity of people in a market. (moving about, wandering, strolling)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that despite their activity, they seem unreal. (even, also)

• असत्-समाः (asat-samāḥ) - Suggests that the market people, despite their physical presence, are not truly connected or significant to an observer, thus appearing unreal. (like non-existent, unreal-like)

• असंबन्धात् (asaṁbandhāt) - The reason for the detached perception of the knower; implies a lack of binding relationships or emotional ties. (asaṃbandha) (from/due to non-connection, non-attachment)

• तथा (tathā) - Indicates the continuation of the comparison. (so, thus, similarly)

• ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - Refers to an individual possessing true knowledge or wisdom. (jña) (of the knower, of the enlightened one)

• ग्रामः (grāmaḥ) - A populated place, typically associated with social bonds and activities. (village, hamlet)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even a village, a place of social connection, is perceived as detached. (even, also)

• विपिन-उपमः (vipina-upamaḥ) - The perception of a village as a solitary, unpopulated forest, highlighting the knower's detachment from social ties. (like a forest, resembling a forest)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - Introduces the comparison. (just as, in the same way as)

(indeclinable)

विपणिकालोकाः (vipaṇikālokāḥ) - Refers to the individuals in a bustling marketplace who are often perceived as a collective, lacking individual connection. (market people, crowds in a market)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipaṇikāloka

vipaṇikāloka - market crowd, people in a market

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipaṇikā+loka)

• vipaṇikā – market, shop
  noun (feminine)
  Diminutive or derived form of vipaṇi.
• loka – people, world, public
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root lok (to see).
  Root: lok (class 10)

विहरन्तः (viharantaḥ) - Describes the bustling activity of people in a market. (moving about, wandering, strolling)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viharant

viharant - moving about, wandering, enjoying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to carry) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with vipaṇikālokāḥ.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that despite their activity, they seem unreal. (even, also)

(indeclinable)

असत्-समाः (asat-samāḥ) - Suggests that the market people, despite their physical presence, are not truly connected or significant to an observer, thus appearing unreal. (like non-existent, unreal-like)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asatsama

asatsama - like non-existent, resembling the unreal

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asat+sama)

• asat – non-existent, unreal, false
  adjective (neuter)
  Negation (a-) of sat (existent, real).
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 2)
• sama – equal, like, similar
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with vipaṇikālokāḥ.

असंबन्धात् (asaṁbandhāt) - The reason for the detached perception of the knower; implies a lack of binding relationships or emotional ties. (asaṃbandha) (from/due to non-connection, non-attachment)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of asaṃbandha

asaṁbandha - non-connection, non-attachment, absence of relationship

Negation (a-) of saṃbandha (connection).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbandha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negation prefix.
• saṃbandha – connection, relationship, union
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bandh (to bind) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bandh (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - Indicates the continuation of the comparison. (so, thus, similarly)

(indeclinable)

ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - Refers to an individual possessing true knowledge or wisdom. (jña) (of the knower, of the enlightened one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knowing, wise, intelligent; a knower

Derived from root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

ग्रामः (grāmaḥ) - A populated place, typically associated with social bonds and activities. (village, hamlet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, multitude, collection

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even a village, a place of social connection, is perceived as detached. (even, also)

(indeclinable)

विपिन-उपमः (vipina-upamaḥ) - The perception of a village as a solitary, unpopulated forest, highlighting the knower's detachment from social ties. (like a forest, resembling a forest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipinopama

vipinopama - like a forest, comparable to a forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipina+upama)

• vipina – forest, jungle
  noun (neuter)
• upama – like, similar, resembling
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root mā (to measure) with prefix upa.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with grāmaḥ.