योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-51, verse-39

विषयैर्नीयमाने तु चित्ते मर्कटचञ्चले ।
न स लेभे समाधानप्रतिष्ठां प्रीतिदायिनीम् ॥ ३९ ॥

viṣayairnīyamāne tu citte markaṭacañcale ,
na sa lebhe samādhānapratiṣṭhāṃ prītidāyinīm 39

39. viṣayaiḥ nīyamāne tu citte markaṭacañcale na
sa lebhe samādhānapratiṣṭhām prītidāyinīm

39. tu viṣayaiḥ markaṭacañcale citte nīyamāne sa
prītidāyinīm samādhānapratiṣṭhām na lebhe

39. But when his mind, restless like a monkey, was being led astray by sense objects (viṣaya), he did not achieve a stable state of composure (samādhāna) that bestows joy.

Words meanings summery:

• विषयैः (viṣayaiḥ) - by sense objects, by matters of concern

• नीयमाने (nīyamāne) - being led, being carried away, being moved

• तु (tu) - but, however

• चित्ते (citte) - in the mind

• मर्कटचञ्चले (markaṭacañcale) - fickle like a monkey, monkey-restless

• न (na) - not

• स (sa) - Uddālaka (he)

• लेभे (lebhe) - he obtained, he gained, he achieved

• समाधानप्रतिष्ठाम् (samādhānapratiṣṭhām) - firm establishment of composure/concentration

• प्रीतिदायिनीम् (prītidāyinīm) - granting joy, bestowing happiness

Words meanings and morphology

विषयैः (viṣayaiḥ) - by sense objects, by matters of concern

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, matter, subject

From vi-√ṣi 'to go into'.

Prefix: vi

Root: ṣi

Note: Agent of nīyamāne.

नीयमाने (nīyamāne) - being led, being carried away, being moved

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nīyamāna

nīyamāna - being led, being carried, being moved

Present passive participle

From √nī 'to lead', passive voice, present participle, locative singular.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use, indicating 'when the mind was being led'.

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

Note: Marks a contrast or introduces a new clause.

चित्ते (citte) - in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, thought, intellect

From √cit 'to perceive, think'.

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Locative absolute construction with nīyamāne and markaṭacañcale.

मर्कटचञ्चले (markaṭacañcale) - fickle like a monkey, monkey-restless

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of markaṭacañcala

markaṭacañcala - restless like a monkey, monkey-fickle

Compound type : Upamāna Pūrvapada Bahuvrīhi (markaṭa+cañcala)

• markaṭa – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• cañcala – fickle, restless, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From √cal 'to move'.
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Qualifies citte.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

स (sa) - Uddālaka (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine nominative singular.

Note: Subject of lebhe.

लेभे (lebhe) - he obtained, he gained, he achieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of labh

Perfect middle

From √labh 'to obtain', 3rd person singular perfect middle.

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

समाधानप्रतिष्ठाम् (samādhānapratiṣṭhām) - firm establishment of composure/concentration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samādhānapratiṣṭhā

samādhānapratiṣṭhā - firm establishment of composure, stable state of concentration

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (samādhāna+pratiṣṭhā)

• samādhāna – composure, concentration, deep meditation, resolution
  noun (neuter)
  From sam-ā-√dhā 'to put together, compose, concentrate'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• pratiṣṭhā – firm standing, foundation, establishment, stability
  noun (feminine)
  From prati-√sthā 'to stand firmly, establish'.
  Prefix: prati
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of lebhe.

प्रीतिदायिनीम् (prītidāyinīm) - granting joy, bestowing happiness

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prītidāyinī

prītidāyinī - giving joy, bestowing happiness

Agent noun/feminine form of prītidāyin

Formed from prīti + √dā (giver) + feminine suffix.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prīti+dāyin)

• prīti – joy, love, delight, pleasure
  noun (feminine)
  From √prī 'to please'.
  Root: prī (class 9)
• dāyin – giving, bestowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun (suff. -in)
  From √dā 'to give'.
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Qualifies samādhānapratiṣṭhām.