योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-48

मनो हि जीवाज्जीवाख्यं निश्चयैकतया नु धीः ।
अहङ्कारोऽभिमन्तृत्वान्नानाता स्वयमेव हि ॥ ४८ ॥

mano hi jīvājjīvākhyaṃ niścayaikatayā nu dhīḥ ,
ahaṅkāro'bhimantṛtvānnānātā svayameva hi 48

48. manaḥ hi jīvāt jīvākhyam niścayaikatayā nu dhīḥ
ahaṅkāraḥ abhimantṛtvāt nānātā svayam eva hi

48. manaḥ hi jīvāt jīvākhyam niścayaikatayā nu dhīḥ
ahaṅkāraḥ abhimantṛtvāt nānātā svayam eva hi

48. Indeed, the mind (manas) is called the individual soul (jīva) by virtue of being the individual soul (jīva); the intellect (dhī) is characterized by singular determination. The ego (ahaṅkāra) arises from the sense of identification (abhimantṛtva), and diversity (nānātā) is indeed its very nature.

Words meanings summery:

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, for)

• जीवात् (jīvāt) - Denotes origin or connection, 'by virtue of being the jīva'. (from the individual soul, from life)

• जीवाख्यम् (jīvākhyam) - The mind is identified as the jīva in this context. (named jīva, called jīva)

• निश्चयैकतया (niścayaikatayā) - The intellect's function is characterized by firm decision-making. (by singular determination, by resoluteness)

• नु (nu) - Introduces a new point or contrast. (but, now, indeed)

• धीः (dhīḥ) - Refers to buddhi, the faculty of discrimination and determination. (intellect, understanding, thought, wisdom)

• अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - The sense of 'I-ness' or self-identification. (ego, false identification)

• अभिमन्तृत्वात् (abhimantṛtvāt) - The ego is characterized by the faculty of self-attribution or identification. (from the sense of agency, from self-identification, from the notion of 'I am the doer')

• नानाता (nānātā) - The inherent characteristic of the mind/self to manifest in various forms or experience diverse phenomena. (diversity, multiplicity)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes the intrinsic nature of diversity. (oneself, by itself, spontaneously)

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'svayam'. (only, just, indeed)

• हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, for)

Words meanings and morphology

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind (manas), intellect, understanding, conscience, thought

From root man (to think) + as (suffix)

Root: man (class 4)

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

जीवात् (jīvāt) - Denotes origin or connection, 'by virtue of being the jīva'. (from the individual soul, from life)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living, alive, individual soul (jīva), life, living being

From √jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Expresses source or reason.

जीवाख्यम् (jīvākhyam) - The mind is identified as the jīva in this context. (named jīva, called jīva)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvākhya

jīvākhya - named jīva, having the name jīva

From jīva + ākhya (name/appellation)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jīva+ākhya)

• jīva – individual soul (jīva), living being, life principle
  noun (masculine)
  From √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• ākhya – named, called, by name, appellation
  adjective
  Gerundive/PPP from ā-√khyā (to tell, relate)
  From ā-√khyā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'manaḥ' (neuter form because it is a general statement about 'that which is called').

निश्चयैकतया (niścayaikatayā) - The intellect's function is characterized by firm decision-making. (by singular determination, by resoluteness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of niścayaikatā

niścayaikatā - singular determination, resoluteness, unity of decision

From niścaya + ekatā (oneness) -> niścaya-ekatā -> niścayaikatā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niścaya+ekatā)

• niścaya – certainty, determination, decision, resolution
  noun (masculine)
  From niś- + √ci (to gather, perceive)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)
• ekatā – oneness, unity, identity
  noun (feminine)
  From eka (one) + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Denotes means or characteristic.

नु (nu) - Introduces a new point or contrast. (but, now, indeed)

(indeclinable)

धीः (dhīḥ) - Refers to buddhi, the faculty of discrimination and determination. (intellect, understanding, thought, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhī

dhī - intellect (dhī), understanding, thought, wisdom, mind, intelligence

From √dhyā (to meditate) or √dhī (to think)

Root: dhyā / dhī (class 1)

अहङ्कारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) - The sense of 'I-ness' or self-identification. (ego, false identification)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego (ahaṅkāra), egoism, self-conceit, sense of 'I-ness'

From aham (I) + kāra (maker/doer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+kāra)

• aham – I, self
  pronoun
• kāra – making, doing, doer, agent, factor
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अभिमन्तृत्वात् (abhimantṛtvāt) - The ego is characterized by the faculty of self-attribution or identification. (from the sense of agency, from self-identification, from the notion of 'I am the doer')

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of abhimantṛtva

abhimantṛtva - state of having a sense of agency, identification with the doer

From abhimantṛ (one who conceives oneself as doer) + tva (abstract suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhimantṛ+tva)

• abhimantṛ – conceiving oneself as the doer, feeling proud, identifying with
  agent noun (masculine)
  From abhi-√man + tṛ (agent suffix)
  From abhi- + √man (to think)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: man (class 4)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns (e.g., -ness, -hood)
  suffix (neuter)

Note: Denotes origin or cause.

नानाता (nānātā) - The inherent characteristic of the mind/self to manifest in various forms or experience diverse phenomena. (diversity, multiplicity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nānātā

nānātā - diversity (nānātā), multiplicity, variety, difference

From nānā (various) + tā (abstract suffix)

Note: Subject of implied 'asti'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - Emphasizes the intrinsic nature of diversity. (oneself, by itself, spontaneously)

(indeclinable)

From sva (self)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes 'svayam'. (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - Emphasizes the statement. (indeed, certainly, for)

(indeclinable)

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