योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-2

नापश्यदग्रे तनयं विनयावनताननम् ।
सामन्तं गुणसेनायाः पुण्यं मूर्तमिव स्थितम् ॥ २ ॥

nāpaśyadagre tanayaṃ vinayāvanatānanam ,
sāmantaṃ guṇasenāyāḥ puṇyaṃ mūrtamiva sthitam 2

2. na apaśyat agre tanayam vinayāvanatānanam
sāmantam guṇasenāyāḥ puṇyam mūrtam iva sthitam

2. agre tanayam na apaśyat vinayāvanatānanam
guṇasenāyāḥ sāmantam mūrtam puṇyam iva sthitam

2. He did not see his son before him, with a face bowed in humility, standing there like an embodied general of the army of virtues (guṇasenā), or like virtue (puṇya) itself personified.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negation for the verb 'apaśyat' (not, no, nor)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

• अग्रे (agre) - in front of the observer (Bhṛgu) (in front, before, ahead)

• तनयम् (tanayam) - Bhṛgu's son (son, offspring)

• विनयावनताननम् (vinayāvanatānanam) - describing the son's humble posture (with a face bowed down in humility)

• सामन्तम् (sāmantam) - a general or commander, here metaphorically for someone leading an army of virtues (a chieftain, a general, a vassal king)

• गुणसेनायाः (guṇasenāyāḥ) - describing the 'sāmanta' as belonging to an army composed of virtues (of the army of virtues, of the army of good qualities)

• पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - virtue personified, like embodied merit (merit, virtue; meritorious, virtuous)

• मूर्तम् (mūrtam) - in embodied form, personified (embodied, incarnate, manifest)

• इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - remaining, standing there (referring to the son) (standing, situated, existing)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negation for the verb 'apaśyat' (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś (paśya stem)

imperfect active indicative

3rd person singular imperfect active of √dṛś (class 1, 'paśya' stem), with augment 'a'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अग्रे (agre) - in front of the observer (Bhṛgu) (in front, before, ahead)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of the locative case.

तनयम् (tanayam) - Bhṛgu's son (son, offspring)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tanaya

tanaya - son, offspring, child

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

विनयावनताननम् (vinayāvanatānanam) - describing the son's humble posture (with a face bowed down in humility)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vinayāvanatānana

vinayāvanatānana - whose face (ānana) is bowed down (avanata) out of humility (vinaya)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vinaya+avanata+ānana)

• vinaya – humility, modesty, discipline, good conduct
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
• avanata – bowed, bent, humbled, stooped
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of ava-√nam (to bow, bend)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: nam (class 1)
• ānana – face, mouth, countenance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tanayam'.

सामन्तम् (sāmantam) - a general or commander, here metaphorically for someone leading an army of virtues (a chieftain, a general, a vassal king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāmanta

sāmanta - neighboring, adjacent; a neighbor, feudatory, chief, general

Note: Agrees with 'tanayam'.

गुणसेनायाः (guṇasenāyāḥ) - describing the 'sāmanta' as belonging to an army composed of virtues (of the army of virtues, of the army of good qualities)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of guṇasenā

guṇasenā - army of virtues, host of good qualities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (guṇa+senā)

• guṇa – quality, virtue, good quality, excellence
  noun (masculine)
• senā – army, host, troop, military force
  noun (feminine)

Note: Possessive, 'of the army of virtues'.

पुण्यम् (puṇyam) - virtue personified, like embodied merit (merit, virtue; meritorious, virtuous)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - good, virtuous, meritorious; merit, virtue, good deed

Note: Subject of the simile with 'mūrtam'.

मूर्तम् (mūrtam) - in embodied form, personified (embodied, incarnate, manifest)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūrta

mūrta - embodied, incarnate, solidified, having a definite form, concrete

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √mūrch (to solidify, thicken, become embodied)

Root: mūrch (class 1)

इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

(indeclinable)

स्थितम् (sthitam) - remaining, standing there (referring to the son) (standing, situated, existing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, existing, remaining, firm

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of √sthā (to stand, be situated)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tanayam' (the son).

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