योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-43

तत्र देहो जडोऽत्यर्थमाविनाशपरायणः ।
मनस्तुच्छं च नियतं कदर्थीक्रियते तव ॥ ४३ ॥

tatra deho jaḍo'tyarthamāvināśaparāyaṇaḥ ,
manastucchaṃ ca niyataṃ kadarthīkriyate tava 43

43. tatra dehaḥ jaḍaḥ atyartham āvināśaparāyaṇaḥ
manaḥ tuccham ca niyatam kadarthīkriyate tava

43. tatra dehaḥ atyartham jaḍaḥ āvināśaparāyaṇaḥ
tava tuccham manaḥ ca niyatam kadarthīkriyate

43. Among these, the physical body (deha) is extremely inert, ever-prone to destruction. But your mind (manas), which is insignificant, is constantly being reviled/abused.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - among these (two bodies) (there, among them)

• देहः (dehaḥ) - the physical body (the body)

• जडः (jaḍaḥ) - inert, sluggish, dull

• अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - extremely, excessively

• आविनाशपरायणः (āvināśaparāyaṇaḥ) - ever-prone to destruction, devoted to destruction

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• तुच्छम् (tuccham) - insignificant, trifling, empty

• च (ca) - but (and, also, but)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - constantly, always, certainly

• कदर्थीक्रियते (kadarthīkriyate) - is being reviled, is being abused, is being reduced to worthlessness

• तव (tava) - your

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - among these (two bodies) (there, among them)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb formed from `tad` (that).

देहः (dehaḥ) - the physical body (the body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, physical form, person

From root `dih` (to anoint, smear), suggesting 'that which is built up or covered'.

Root: dih (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

जडः (jaḍaḥ) - inert, sluggish, dull

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - inert, dull, inanimate, stupid, cold

Note: Agrees with `dehaḥ`.

अत्यर्थम् (atyartham) - extremely, excessively

(indeclinable)

Compound of `ati` (over, exceedingly) + `artha` (meaning, object, purpose).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (ati+artha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `jaḍaḥ`.

आविनाशपरायणः (āvināśaparāyaṇaḥ) - ever-prone to destruction, devoted to destruction

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvināśaparāyaṇa

āvināśaparāyaṇa - having destruction as its ultimate goal, devoted to destruction

Compound of `āvināśa` (until destruction) and `parāyaṇa` (having as highest goal/refuge, devoted to).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (āvināśa+parāyaṇa)

• āvināśa – until destruction
  indeclinable
  Compound of `ā` (until, up to) and `vināśa` (destruction).
• parāyaṇa – chief aim, highest resort, dependent on, devoted to
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of `para` (supreme, other) + `ayana` (going, path).
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `dehaḥ`.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, consciousness

From root `man` (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तुच्छम् (tuccham) - insignificant, trifling, empty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tuccha

tuccha - empty, void, trifling, insignificant, contemptible

Note: Agrees with `manaḥ`.

च (ca) - but (and, also, but)

(indeclinable)

नियतम् (niyatam) - constantly, always, certainly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From `ni` + root `yam` (to restrain, control). Used adverbially here.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Modifies `kadarthīkriyate`.

कदर्थीक्रियते (kadarthīkriyate) - is being reviled, is being abused, is being reduced to worthlessness

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of kadarthīkṛ

present passive

Present passive indicative, 3rd person singular. Formed from `kadartha` (worthlessness, abuse) + `ī-kṛ` (to make into).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Verb governs `manaḥ`.

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive, 'your mind'.

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