योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-23

स उपेत्य महाबाहो कुपितं तं महामुनिम् ।
कल्पक्षुब्धाब्धिगम्भीरं सान्त्वपूर्वमुवाच ह ॥ २३ ॥

sa upetya mahābāho kupitaṃ taṃ mahāmunim ,
kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīraṃ sāntvapūrvamuvāca ha 23

23. saḥ upetya mahābāho kupitam tam mahāmunim
kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīram sāntvapurvam uvāca ha

23. saḥ upetya tam kupitam kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīram
mahāmunim sāntvapurvam uvāca ha (mahābāho)

23. He, having approached that enraged great sage (mahāmuni), whose demeanor was profound like an ocean agitated at the end of a cosmic cycle (kalpa), addressed him with words of conciliation.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)

• महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (O mighty-armed one, O great-armed one)

• कुपितम् (kupitam) - enraged (enraged, angry, incensed)

• तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage (mahāmuni) (great sage, great ascetic)

• कल्पक्षुब्धाब्धिगम्भीरम् (kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīram) - whose demeanor was profound like an ocean agitated at the end of a cosmic cycle (kalpa) (profound like an ocean agitated at the end of a kalpa)

• सान्त्वपुर्वम् (sāntvapurvam) - with words of conciliation (preceded by conciliation, with gentle words first)

• उवाच (uvāca) - addressed (said, spoke)

• ह (ha) - (particle for emphasis, often untranslated in smooth English) (indeed, certainly (particle))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached (having approached, having gone near)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from √i (to go) with upasarga upa, suffix -tya

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O mighty-armed one (O mighty-armed one, O great-armed one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, great-armed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: An address by the narrator to the listener.

कुपितम् (kupitam) - enraged (enraged, angry, incensed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kupita

kupita - enraged, angry, incensed

Past Passive Participle

from √kup (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Adjective for 'mahāmunim'.

तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'mahāmunim'.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - great sage (mahāmuni) (great sage, great ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)

कल्पक्षुब्धाब्धिगम्भीरम् (kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīram) - whose demeanor was profound like an ocean agitated at the end of a cosmic cycle (kalpa) (profound like an ocean agitated at the end of a kalpa)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīra

kalpakṣubdhābdhigambhīra - profound/deep like an ocean agitated at the end of a kalpa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kalpakṣubdha+abdhi+gambhīra)

• kalpa – cosmic cycle, eon, aeon
  noun (masculine)
• kṣubdha – agitated, disturbed, shaken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √kṣubh (to agitate, disturb)
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)
• abdhi – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• gambhīra – deep, profound, serious, grave
  adjective

Note: Adjective for 'mahāmunim'.

सान्त्वपुर्वम् (sāntvapurvam) - with words of conciliation (preceded by conciliation, with gentle words first)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntvapūrva

sāntvapūrva - preceded by conciliation, with gentle words first

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – conciliation, gentle words, soothing speech
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – preceded by, before, former
  adjective

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying the verb 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - addressed (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect tense (Lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - (particle for emphasis, often untranslated in smooth English) (indeed, certainly (particle))

(indeclinable)

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