योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-13

प्रेक्ष्य तच्छुष्ककङ्कालमालानं दुःखदन्तिनः ।
पूर्वापरपरामर्शमकुर्वन्भृगुरुत्थितः ॥ १३ ॥

prekṣya tacchuṣkakaṅkālamālānaṃ duḥkhadantinaḥ ,
pūrvāparaparāmarśamakurvanbhṛgurutthitaḥ 13

13. prekṣya tat śuṣkakankālam ālānam duḥkhadantinaḥ
pūrvāparaparāmarśam akurvan bhṛguḥ utthitaḥ

13. bhṛguḥ tat śuṣkakankālam duḥkhadantinaḥ ālānam
prekṣya pūrvāparaparāmarśam akurvan utthitaḥ

13. Upon seeing that dry skeleton, which was like a post to which the elephant of sorrow was tied, Bhrigu rose up, not pausing to consider the past or the future.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing, observing

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• शुष्ककन्कालम् (śuṣkakankālam) - dry skeleton

• आलानम् (ālānam) - (like) a tying post (for the elephant of sorrow) (post, stake, tying post (for an elephant))

• दुःखदन्तिनः (duḥkhadantinaḥ) - of the elephant of sorrow

• पूर्वापरपरामर्शम् (pūrvāparaparāmarśam) - consideration of past and future

• अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not pausing to consider (not doing, without doing)

• भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu (a sage)

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - rose up (risen, stood up, arose)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - having seen, after seeing, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix pra- + root īkṣ (class 1 Ātmanepada) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter, but here functions as object of 'prekṣya'.

शुष्ककन्कालम् (śuṣkakankālam) - dry skeleton

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śuṣkakankāla

śuṣkakankāla - dry skeleton

Compound noun.

Compound type : Descriptive Tatpuruṣa (śuṣka+kankāla)

• śuṣka – dry, dried up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √śuṣ (to dry) + kta (kā for past passive participle)
  Root: śuṣ (class 4)
• kankāla – skeleton, bone
  noun (neuter)

आलानम् (ālānam) - (like) a tying post (for the elephant of sorrow) (post, stake, tying post (for an elephant))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ālāna

ālāna - post, stake, peg, tying post (for elephants)

From ā-√lā (to take, hold).

Prefix: ā

Root: lā

Note: Agrees with śuṣkakankālam.

दुःखदन्तिनः (duḥkhadantinaḥ) - of the elephant of sorrow

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duḥkhadantin

duḥkhadantin - elephant of sorrow (sorrow personified as an elephant)

Compound noun.

Compound type : Descriptive Tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+dantin)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)
• dantin – possessing teeth, elephant (having tusks)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from danta (tooth) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with ālāna in meaning, where the skeleton is the tying post of this sorrow-elephant.

पूर्वापरपरामर्शम् (pūrvāparaparāmarśam) - consideration of past and future

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrvāparaparāmarśa

pūrvāparaparāmarśa - consideration/reflection of past and future; deliberation

Compound noun.

Compound type : Śaṣṭhī Tatpuruṣa (pūrva+apara+parāmarśa)

• pūrva – prior, former, past
  adjective (masculine)
• apara – later, subsequent, future
  adjective (masculine)
• parāmarśa – deliberation, consideration, reflection, touch
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-mṛś (to touch, deliberate)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: mṛś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'akurvan'.

अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not pausing to consider (not doing, without doing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of a-kurvat

a-kṛ - not to do

Present Active Participle (negative)

From negative prefix a- + root √kṛ (class 8 Parasmaipada) + śatṛ suffix (forming present active participle).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'bhṛguḥ'.

भृगुः (bhṛguḥ) - Bhrigu (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhṛgu

bhṛgu - Bhrigu (name of a prominent Vedic sage)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - rose up (risen, stood up, arose)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, stood up, produced

Past Passive Participle

From ut-√sthā (to stand up) + kta (suffix for past passive participle).

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhṛguḥ'.

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