योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-3

अपश्यत्केवलं कायकङ्कालं पुरतो महत् ।
देहयुक्तमिवाभाग्यं दारिद्र्यमिव मूर्तिमत् ॥ ३ ॥

apaśyatkevalaṃ kāyakaṅkālaṃ purato mahat ,
dehayuktamivābhāgyaṃ dāridryamiva mūrtimat 3

3. apaśyat kevalam kāyakaṅkālam purataḥ mahat
dehayuktam iva abhāgyam dāridryam iva mūrtimat

3. purataḥ kevalam mahat kāyakaṅkālam apaśyat
dehayuktam abhāgyam iva mūrtimat dāridryam iva

3. He saw only a vast, skeletal frame before him, like misfortune (abhāgya) endowed with a body, or like poverty (dāridrya) personified.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

• केवलम् (kevalam) - indicating that only the skeletal form was visible, nothing else (only, merely, exclusively)

• कायकङ्कालम् (kāyakaṅkālam) - the son's extremely emaciated body, reduced to bones (a skeletal body, a mere skeleton)

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - before the observer (Bhṛgu) (in front, before)

• महत् (mahat) - describing the significant size or starkness of the skeletal body (great, large, extensive, important)

• देहयुक्तम् (dehayuktam) - referring to misfortune having taken a bodily form (endowed with a body, having a body)

• इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

• अभाग्यम् (abhāgyam) - misfortune personified as having a body (misfortune, ill-luck, evil destiny)

• दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty personified (poverty, indigence, destitution)

• इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

• मूर्तिमत् (mūrtimat) - personified, given concrete form (embodied, possessing a form, corporeal, personified)

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś (paśya stem)

imperfect active indicative

3rd person singular imperfect active of √dṛś (class 1, 'paśya' stem), with augment 'a'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

केवलम् (kevalam) - indicating that only the skeletal form was visible, nothing else (only, merely, exclusively)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

कायकङ्कालम् (kāyakaṅkālam) - the son's extremely emaciated body, reduced to bones (a skeletal body, a mere skeleton)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāyakaṅkāla

kāyakaṅkāla - body-skeleton, a skeleton (composed of 'kāya' and 'kaṅkāla')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāya+kaṅkāla)

• kāya – body, corporeal frame
  noun (masculine)
• kaṅkāla – skeleton, bony frame, bare bones
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

पुरतः (purataḥ) - before the observer (Bhṛgu) (in front, before)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'pura' (front) with the suffix 'tas'

महत् (mahat) - describing the significant size or starkness of the skeletal body (great, large, extensive, important)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important, powerful

Present Active Participle

Nominative/Accusative singular neuter form of the participle of √mah (to be great)

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kāyakaṅkālam'.

देहयुक्तम् (dehayuktam) - referring to misfortune having taken a bodily form (endowed with a body, having a body)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dehayukta

dehayukta - endowed with a body, possessing a body (composed of 'deha' and 'yukta')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (deha+yukta)

• deha – body, form, physical frame
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, connected, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of √yuj (to join, unite)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'abhāgyam'.

इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

(indeclinable)

अभाग्यम् (abhāgyam) - misfortune personified as having a body (misfortune, ill-luck, evil destiny)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhāgya

abhāgya - misfortune, ill-luck, evil destiny (composed of 'a' and 'bhāgya')

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+bhāgya)

• a – not, un-, without (negation prefix)
  prefix
• bhāgya – luck, fortune, destiny
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the first simile.

दारिद्र्यम् (dāridryam) - poverty personified (poverty, indigence, destitution)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāridrya

dāridrya - poverty, indigence, penury, destitution

Derived from 'daridra' (poor)

Note: Subject of the second simile.

इव (iva) - indicating a simile (like, as, as it were, as if)

(indeclinable)

मूर्तिमत् (mūrtimat) - personified, given concrete form (embodied, possessing a form, corporeal, personified)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mūrtimat

mūrtimat - embodied, having a form, personified, corporeal

Possessive adjective derived from 'mūrti' (form) with suffix 'matup'

Note: Agrees with 'dāridryam'.

Previous Verse Next Verse