योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-16

अकाल एव मत्पुत्रो नीतः किमिति कोपितः ।
कालाय शापमुत्सष्टुं भगवानुपचक्रमे ॥ १६ ॥

akāla eva matputro nītaḥ kimiti kopitaḥ ,
kālāya śāpamutsaṣṭuṃ bhagavānupacakrame 16

16. akāla eva matputraḥ nītaḥ kim iti kopitaḥ
kālāya śāpam utsaṣṭum bhagavān upacakrame

16. bhagavān akāla eva matputraḥ nītaḥ kim iti
kopitaḥ kālāya śāpam utsaṣṭum upacakrame

16. Enraged, contemplating 'Why was my son taken away prematurely?', the venerable sage (Bhrigu) prepared to pronounce a curse upon Time (Kāla).

Words meanings summery:

• अकाल (akāla) - untimely (untimely, premature, not time)

• एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing prematurely) (indeed, only, just)

• मत्पुत्रः (matputraḥ) - my son

• नीतः (nītaḥ) - taken away (taken, led, carried away)

• किम् (kim) - why? (implicitly questioning) (what? why? whether?)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of the thought) (thus, in this manner (marks quoted speech or thought))

• कोपितः (kopitaḥ) - enraged (angered, enraged)

• कालाय (kālāya) - upon Time (Kāla) (to Time, for Time)

• शापम् (śāpam) - a curse (curse, imprecation)

• उत्सष्टुम् (utsaṣṭum) - to pronounce (a curse) (to cast, to hurl, to abandon, to renounce, to utter (a curse))

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable sage (Bhrigu) (the venerable one, fortunate, divine, lord)

• उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - prepared to pronounce (began, commenced, undertook)

Words meanings and morphology

अकाल (akāla) - untimely (untimely, premature, not time)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akāla

akāla - untimely, premature, not the right time

Nañ-Tatpuruṣa compound of 'a-' (negation) and 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+kāla)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'matputraḥ nītaḥ'. Used adverbially with 'eva'.

एव (eva) - indeed (emphasizing prematurely) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

मत्पुत्रः (matputraḥ) - my son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of matputra

matputra - my son

Compound noun.

Compound type : Śaṣṭhī Tatpuruṣa (mad+putra)

• mad – my
  pronoun
  From asmad (I), genitive/ablative singular base form.
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'nītaḥ'.

नीतः (nītaḥ) - taken away (taken, led, carried away)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nīta

nīta - taken, led, carried, removed

Past Passive Participle

From √nī (to lead, carry) + kta suffix.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'matputraḥ'.

किम् (kim) - why? (implicitly questioning) (what? why? whether?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

इति (iti) - (marks the end of the thought) (thus, in this manner (marks quoted speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

Particle.

कोपितः (kopitaḥ) - enraged (angered, enraged)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kopita

kopita - angered, enraged, made angry

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative of √kup (to be angry) + kta suffix.

Root: kup (class 4)

कालाय (kālāya) - upon Time (Kāla) (to Time, for Time)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, destiny, god of death

Note: The recipient of the curse.

शापम् (śāpam) - a curse (curse, imprecation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation, oath

From √śap (to curse, swear).

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'utsaṣṭum'.

उत्सष्टुम् (utsaṣṭum) - to pronounce (a curse) (to cast, to hurl, to abandon, to renounce, to utter (a curse))

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From prefix ut- + root √sṛj (class 6 Parasmaipada) + -tum suffix.

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Governed by 'upacakrame'.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the venerable sage (Bhrigu) (the venerable one, fortunate, divine, lord)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, divine, illustrious, venerable, Lord, God

Possessive adjective/noun from bhaga (fortune) + -vat suffix.

Note: Subject of 'upacakrame'.

उपचक्रमे (upacakrame) - prepared to pronounce (began, commenced, undertook)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Liṭ) of upa-kram

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

From prefix upa- + root √kram (class 1 Ātmanepada).

Prefix: upa

Root: kram (class 1)

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