योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-10, verse-39

कर्तव्यमेव नियतं केवलं कार्यकोविदैः ।
सुषुप्तिवृत्तिमाश्रित्य कदाचित्त्वं न नाशय ॥ ३९ ॥

kartavyameva niyataṃ kevalaṃ kāryakovidaiḥ ,
suṣuptivṛttimāśritya kadācittvaṃ na nāśaya 39

39. kartavyam eva niyatam kevalam kāryakovinaiḥ
suṣuptivṛttim āśritya kadācit tvam na nāśaya

39. kāryakovinaiḥ niyatam kevalam kartavyam eva
suṣuptivṛttim āśritya tvam kadācit na nāśaya

39. That which is to be done, and is indeed fixed (as one's duty or karma), should be performed solely by those skilled in action. Do not ever waste your time by resorting to the state of deep sleep.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - that which is to be done, duty (karma) (to be done, duty)

• एव (eva) - indeed, solely (indeed, only, just)

• नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed (as one's duty) (fixed, determined, regulated)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - solely (merely, only, solely)

• कार्यकोविनैः (kāryakovinaiḥ) - by those skilled in action (by those skilled in action/work)

• सुषुप्तिवृत्तिम् (suṣuptivṛttim) - the state of deep sleep

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - by resorting to (having resorted to, depending on)

• कदाचित् (kadācit) - ever (in combination with 'na', means 'never') (sometimes, ever, never (with 'na'))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not, no

• नाशय (nāśaya) - waste (time), destroy (destroy, waste, cause to perish)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - that which is to be done, duty (karma) (to be done, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From √kṛ (to do) + tavya (suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

एव (eva) - indeed, solely (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed (as one's duty) (fixed, determined, regulated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of niyata

niyata - fixed, regulated, restrained, determined

Past Passive Participle

From √yam (to restrain, control) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kartavyam.

केवलम् (kevalam) - solely (merely, only, solely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

कार्यकोविनैः (kāryakovinaiḥ) - by those skilled in action (by those skilled in action/work)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāryakovida

kāryakovida - expert in work, skilled in business, proficient in action

Compound type : tatpurusha (kārya+kovida)

• kārya – work, action, duty, to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do) + ṇyat (suffix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kovida – skilled, expert, knowing
  adjective (masculine)

सुषुप्तिवृत्तिम् (suṣuptivṛttim) - the state of deep sleep

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suṣuptivṛtti

suṣuptivṛtti - state of deep sleep

Compound type : tatpurusha (suṣupti+vṛtti)

• suṣupti – deep sleep
  noun (feminine)
  From √svap (to sleep) with upasarga su
  Prefix: su
  Root: svap (class 2)
• vṛtti – state, mode, activity, conduct
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛt (to turn, exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of āśritya.

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - by resorting to (having resorted to, depending on)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √śri (to resort to) with upasarga ā and suffix -tya

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

कदाचित् (kadācit) - ever (in combination with 'na', means 'never') (sometimes, ever, never (with 'na'))

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

नाशय (nāśaya) - waste (time), destroy (destroy, waste, cause to perish)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of naś

Causative Imperative

From √naś (to perish) in causative (nāśaya) implying 'to cause to perish' or 'to destroy'

Root: naś (class 4)

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