योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-28, verse-13

येन बुद्धं तु तस्यैतदाकाशादप शून्यकम् ।
न बुद्धं येन तस्यैतद्वज्रसाराचलोपमम् ॥ १३ ॥

yena buddhaṃ tu tasyaitadākāśādapa śūnyakam ,
na buddhaṃ yena tasyaitadvajrasārācalopamam 13

13. yena buddham tu tasya etat ākāśāt apa śūnyakam na
buddham yena tasya etat vajrasāra acala upamam

13. tu yena etat buddham tasya ākāśāt apa śūnyakam
yena na buddham tasya etat vajrasāra acala upamam

13. But for one who has understood (buddham) this (world), it is even emptier than space (ākāśa). For one who has not understood (buddham) it, this (world) is like an unmoving mountain, firm as the essence of a diamond (vajrasāra).

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, perceived

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• तस्य (tasya) - for him, his, to him

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from space, than space

• अप (apa) - even, too, also

• शून्यकम् (śūnyakam) - empty, void, naught

• न (na) - not, no

• बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, perceived

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• तस्य (tasya) - for him, his, to him

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• वज्रसार (vajrasāra) - diamond-like, adamantine, having the essence of a thunderbolt

• अचल (acala) - immovable, mountain

• उपमम् (upamam) - similar, comparable, like

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to a person (implied 'by whom').

बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddha

buddha - understood, awakened, enlightened

Past Passive Participle

derived from root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'etat' (this).

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - for him, his, to him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the person who has understood.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'is empty'.

आकाशात् (ākāśāt) - from space, than space

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - space, ether, sky

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Used for comparison ('than space').

अप (apa) - even, too, also

(indeclinable)

शून्यकम् (śūnyakam) - empty, void, naught

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūnyaka

śūnyaka - empty, void, naught

diminutive or emphatic form of śūnya

Root: śvi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

बुद्धम् (buddham) - understood, known, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of buddha

buddha - understood, awakened, enlightened

Past Passive Participle

derived from root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'etat' (this).

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to a person (implied 'by whom').

तस्य (tasya) - for him, his, to him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the person who has not understood.

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'is like'.

वज्रसार (vajrasāra) - diamond-like, adamantine, having the essence of a thunderbolt

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vajrasāra

vajrasāra - essence of a diamond/thunderbolt, adamantine

Compound type : tatpurusha (vajra+sāra)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• sāra – essence, core, strength, firm
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'vajrasārācalopamam'.

अचल (acala) - immovable, mountain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of acala

acala - immovable, mountain (lit. 'not moving')

a (negative prefix) + cala (moving)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cala – moving, trembling
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  derived from root cal
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'vajrasārācalopamam'.

उपमम् (upamam) - similar, comparable, like

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upama

upama - similar, comparable, like

upa (prefix) + mā (root) + a (suffix)

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'.