योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-6, verse-31

स दृष्ट्वा मालितं लक्ष्म्या भीतस्तमृषिसत्तमम् ।
प्रहृष्टवदनो राजा स्वयमर्घ्यं न्यवेदयत् ॥ ३१ ॥

sa dṛṣṭvā mālitaṃ lakṣmyā bhītastamṛṣisattamam ,
prahṛṣṭavadano rājā svayamarghyaṃ nyavedayat 31

31. sa dṛṣṭvā mālitam lakṣmyā bhītaḥ tam ṛṣisattamam
prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ rājā svayam arghyam nyavedayat

31. Having seen that best of sages, who was adorned with splendor (lakṣmī), the king was filled with awe. With a joyful face, he himself offered the water offering.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - the king (referring to the king mentioned later) (he, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• मालितम् (mālitam) - adorned, garlanded, graced

• लक्ष्म्या (lakṣmyā) - by splendor, by fortune, by the goddess Lakṣmī, by prosperity

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - awestruck (in reverence to the sage) (afraid, frightened, awestruck)

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• ऋषिसत्तमम् (ṛṣisattamam) - best of sages

• प्रहृष्टवदनः (prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ) - having a joyful face

• राजा (rājā) - king

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

• अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - water offering, respectful offering

• न्यवेदयत् (nyavedayat) - offered, presented

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - the king (referring to the king mentioned later) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Often translated as 'having seen' or 'after seeing'.

मालितम् (mālitam) - adorned, garlanded, graced

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mālita

mālita - adorned, garlanded, graced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'mālā' (garland) or related root meaning to adorn. It's often used metaphorically.

Note: This is a past passive participle used as an adjective.

लक्ष्म्या (lakṣmyā) - by splendor, by fortune, by the goddess Lakṣmī, by prosperity

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of lakṣmī

lakṣmī - splendor, fortune, prosperity, wealth, goddess Lakṣmī

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - awestruck (in reverence to the sage) (afraid, frightened, awestruck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, scared, awestruck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear) with suffix '-ta'

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sage.

ऋषिसत्तमम् (ṛṣisattamam) - best of sages

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣisattama

ṛṣisattama - best of sages

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ṛṣi+sattama)

• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'sat'

Note: Object of 'having seen'.

प्रहृष्टवदनः (prahṛṣṭavadanaḥ) - having a joyful face

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭavadana

prahṛṣṭavadana - having a joyful face, joyful-faced

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra+hṛṣṭa+vadana)

• pra – before, forth, very
  indeclinable
• hṛṣṭa – gladdened, joyful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'hṛṣ' (to rejoice)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of the sentence.

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

(indeclinable)

अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - water offering, respectful offering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arghya

arghya - respectful offering, water for reception

Note: Object of 'offered'.

न्यवेदयत् (nyavedayat) - offered, presented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of niveday

Causative imperfect (laṅ)

Derived from root 'vid' (to know) with prefix 'ni' and causative suffix '-aya-'. Here it's the imperfect 3rd singular active.

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Root 'vid' (causative) with 'ni'.

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